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area of choice

Толкование Перевод

1 local exchange area first choice route
1. основной путь местной телефонной сети
основной путь местной телефонной сети
Один из нескольких возможных путей между двумя коммутационными станциями, по которому телефонные вызовы в данном направлении направляются в первую очередь.
[ ГОСТ 19472-88]

Тематики
- телефонные сети
EN
- local exchange area first choice route
74. Основной путь местной телефонной сети

Local exchange area first choice route

Один из нескольких возможных путей между двумя коммутационными станциями, по которому телефонные вызовы в данном направлении направляются в первую очередь

Источник: ГОСТ 19472-88: Система автоматизированной телефонной связи общегосударственная. Термины и определения оригинал документа
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > local exchange area first choice route
2 area

noun

1) (surface measure) Flächenausdehnung, die

what is the area of your farm? — wie groß ist Ihr Hof?

2) (region) Gelände, das; (of wood, marsh, desert) Gebiet, das; (of city, country) Gegend, die; (of skin, wall, etc.) Stelle, die

in the Hamburg area — im Hamburger Raum

3) (defined space) Bereich, der

parking/picnic area — Park-/Picknickplatz, der

no-smoking area — Nichtraucherzone, die

4) (subject field) Gebiet, das

5) (scope) Raum, der

area of choice — Wahlmöglichkeiten Pl.

* * *
['eəriə]
noun

1) (the extent or size of a flat surface: This garden is twelve square metres in area.) die Fläche

2) (a place; part( of a town etc): Do you live in this area?) die Gegend

* * *

area

[ˈeəriə, AM ˈeri-]

n

1. (region) Gebiet nt, Region f

\area of activity Tätigkeitsgebiet nt, Tätigkeitsfeld nt

\area of the brain Hirnregion f

\area of coverage Reichweite f

danger \area Gefahrenzone f

\area of the lung Lungenbereich m

\area manager Gebietsleiter(in) m(f)

\area of responsibility Aufgabengebiet nt

testing \area Testgelände nt

2. COMM

commercial \area Gewerbegebiet nt

sales \area Verkaufsfläche f; ECON

free trade \area Freihandelszone f; FIN

dollar/sterling \area Dollar-/Sterlingzone f

3. (subject field) Gebiet nt fig

\area of competence/knowledge Wissensgebiet nt

4. (surface measure) Fläche f, Flächeninhalt m

\area of a circle Kreisfläche f

50 square kilometres in \area eine Fläche von 50 km²

5. FBALL ( fam) Strafraum m

6. (approximately)

▪ in the \area of... ungefähr...

in the \area of £200 etwa 200 Pfund

* * *
['ɛərɪə]
n

1) (measure) Fläche f

in area — eine Fläche von 20 Quadratmetern

2) (= region, district) Gebiet nt; (= neighbourhood, vicinity) Gegend f; (separated off, piece of ground etc) Areal nt, Gelände nt; (on plan, diagram etc) Bereich m; (= slum area, residential area, commercial area) Viertel nt, Gebiet nt

this is not a very nice area to live in — dies ist keine besonders gute Wohngegend

in the area — in der Nähe

do you live in the area? —

in the area of the station — in der Bahnhofsgegend

the thief is believed to be still in the area — man nimmt an, dass sich der Dieb noch in der Umgebung aufhält

in the London area — im Raum London, im Londoner Raum

protected/prohibited/industrial area — Schutz-/Sperr-/Industriegebiet nt

drying/dispatch area — Trocken-/Verteilerzone f

dining/sleeping area — Ess-/Schlafbereich or -platz m

no smoking/recreation area — Nichtraucher-/Erholungszone

we use this corner as a discussion area — wir benutzen diese Ecke für Diskussionen

the goal area (Ftbl) — der Torraum

the ( penalty) area ( esp Brit Ftbl ) — der Strafraum

this area is for directors' cars —

you must keep out of this area — dieses Gebiet darf nicht betreten werden

this area must be kept clear — diesen Platz frei halten

the public were told to keep well away from the area — die Öffentlichkeit wurde aufgefordert, das Gebiet unbedingt zu meiden

a mountainous area — eine bergige Gegend

mountainous areas — Bergland nt

a wooded area — ein Waldstück nt; (larger) ein Waldgebiet nt

desert areas — Wüstengebiete pl

the infected areas of the lungs — die befallenen Teile or (smaller)

the patchy areas on the wall — die fleckigen Stellen an der Wand

the additional message area on an air letter — der Raum für zusätzliche Mitteilungen auf einem Luftpostbrief

the sterling area — die Sterlingzone

3) (fig) Bereich m

areas of uncertainty/agreement — Bereiche, in denen Unklarheit/Übereinstimmung besteht

his area of responsibility — sein Verantwortungsbereich m

area of interest/study — Interessen-/Studiengebiet nt

a sum in the area of £100 — eine Summe um die £ 100

4) (Brit: basement courtyard) Vorplatz m

* * *

area [ˈeərıə] s

1. (begrenzte) Fläche, Flächenraum m, Boden-, Grundfläche f:

what is the area of …? wie groß ist …?;

a flat 75 square metres in area eine 75m² große Wohnung;

the island is about 30 square miles in area die Insel hat eine Fläche von ungefähr 30 Quadratmeilen

2. Gebiet n, Zone f, Gegend f ( alle auch ANAT), Raum m:

in the Chicago area im Raum (von) Chicago;

in the London area in der Londoner Gegend;

area of low pressure METEO Tiefdruckgebiet

3. (freier) Platz

4. Grundstück n

5. fig Bereich m, Gebiet n:

area of activity Betätigungsfeld n;

area of interest Interessengebiet;

area of knowledge Wissensgebiet;

in the area of auf dem Gebiet (gen);

within the area of possibility im Bereich des Möglichen

6. MATH Flächeninhalt m, -raum m, (Grund)Fläche f, Inhalt m:

area of a circle Kreisfläche

7. MATH, PHYS, TECH (Ober)Fläche f:

area of contact Begrenzungs-, Berührungsfläche

8. ANAT (Gehör-, Seh-, Sprach- etc) Zentrum n

9. ARCH lichter Raum

10. MIL Abschnitt m, Operationsgebiet n:

area command US Militärbereich m;

area bombing Bombenflächenwurf m

11. → academic.ru/3547/areaway">areaway

* * *

noun

1) (surface measure) Flächenausdehnung, die

what is the area of your farm? — wie groß ist Ihr Hof?

2) (region) Gelände, das; (of wood, marsh, desert) Gebiet, das; (of city, country) Gegend, die; (of skin, wall, etc.) Stelle, die

in the Hamburg area — im Hamburger Raum

3) (defined space) Bereich, der

parking/picnic area — Park-/Picknickplatz, der

no-smoking area — Nichtraucherzone, die

4) (subject field) Gebiet, das

5) (scope) Raum, der

area of choice — Wahlmöglichkeiten Pl.

* * *

n.

Areal -e n.

Bereich -e m.

Fläche -n f.

Flächeninhalt m.

Nahbereich m.

Zone -n f.

English-german dictionary > area
3 wide

1. adjective
1) (great in extent, especially from side to side: wide streets; Her eyes were wide with surprise.) ancho, grande

2) (being a certain distance from one side to the other: This material is three metres wide; How wide is it?) de largo

3) (great or large: He won by a wide margin.) amplio, extenso

4) (covering a large and varied range of subjects etc: a wide experience of teaching.) variado, diverso

2. adverb
(with a great distance from top to bottom or side to side: He opened his eyes wide.) completamente

- widely
- widen
- wideness
- width
- wide-ranging
- widespread
- give a wide berth to
- give a wide berth
- wide apart
- wide awake
- wide open

wide¹ adj

1. ancho

a wide corridor un pasillo ancho

2. amplio

a wide range of products una amplia gama de productos

wide² adv completamente / totalmente

the window was wide open la ventana estaba abierta de par en par

wide awake completamente despierto

wide apart bien separados

wide

tr[waɪd]

adjective

1 (broad) ancho,-a; (space, hole, gap) grande

■ a wide road una carretera ancha

■ a wide hole in the fence un agujero grande en la valla

■ the wide gap between rich and poor la gran diferencia entre ricos y pobres

2 (having specified width) de ancho

■ two feet wide de dos pies de ancho

■ how wide is it? ¿cuánto hace de ancho?

3 (large - area) amplio,-a, extenso,-a; (- knowledge, experience, repercussions) amplio,-a; (- coverage, range, support) extenso,-a

■ a wide variety of books una gran variedad de libros

■ he has wide interests tiene intereses muy diversos

■ a wide following muchos admiradores

■ this raises wider issues esto plantea cuestiones más generales

4 (eyes, smile) abierto,-a

5 (off target) desviado,-a

adverb

1 (fully - gen) completamente

■ wide awake completamente despierto,-a

■ wide apart muy separados,-as

■ the door was wide open la puerta estaba abierta de par en par

■ open wide! said the dentist ¡abre bien la boca! dijo el dentista

2 (off target) desviado

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

from far and wide de todas partes

to be/fall wide of the mark no dar en el blanco, no acertar

to give somebody/something a wide berth evitar a alguien/algo

to go into something with one's eyes wide open saber muy bien dónde se está metiendo uno

wide open (to something) (exposed) completamente expuesto,-a (a algo)

wide ['waɪd] adv, wider ; widest

1) widely: por todas partes

to travel far and wide: viajar por todas partes

2) completely: completamente, totalmente

wide open: abierto de par en par

3)

wide apart : muy separados

wide adj, wider ; widest

1) vast: vasto, extensivo

a wide area: una área extensiva

2) : ancho

three meters wide: tres metros de ancho

3) broad: ancho, amplio

4) or wide-open : muy abierto

5)

wide of the mark : desviado, lejos del blanco

wide

adj.

• ancho, -a adj.

• anchuroso, -a adj.

• campanudo, -a adj.

• de ancho adj.

• desenfadado, -a adj.

• desparramado, -a adj.

• extenso, -a adj.

• muy abierto adj.

adv.

• lejos adv.

I waɪd
adjective wider, widest

1) ( in dimension) <river/feetousers> ancho; < gap> grande; <desert/ocean> vasto

it's two meters wide — tiene or mide dos metros de ancho

to get wider — ensancharse

she looked at me with wide eyes — me miró con los ojos muy abiertos

2) (in extent, range) <experience/powers> amplio; < area> amplio, extenso

a wide variety of things — una gran variedad de cosas

the newspaper with the widest circulation — el diario de mayor circulación

the wide world — el ancho mundo

3) ( off target) <ball/shot> desviado

wide OF something — lejos de algo; mark I 4)

II

adverb wider, widest

1) (completely, fully)

her mouth gaped wide — se quedó boquiabierta or con la boca abierta

wide apart: with your feet wide apart con los pies bien or muy separados; wide awake: to be wide awake estar* completamente espabilado or despierto; open wide! abra bien la boca, abre grande (fam); wide open: you left the door wide open dejaste la puerta abierta de par en par; I'm going into this with my eyes wide open sé muy bien en qué me estoy metiendo; he's laid himself wide open to criticism él mismo se ha expuesto a que lo critiquen; the game is wide open — el partido no está definido

2) ( off target)

the ball went wide — la pelota se desvió

wide OF something — lejos de algo

[waɪd]
1. ADJ
(compar wider) (superl widest)
1) [street, river, trousers] ancho; [area] extenso; [ocean, desert] vasto; [space, circle, valley] amplio

he was a tall man with wide shoulders — era un hombre alto de hombros anchos

it's ten centimetres wide — tiene diez centímetros de ancho or de anchura

a three-mile-wide crater — un cráter de tres millas de ancho or de anchura

how wide is it? — ¿cuánto tiene de ancho?, ¿qué anchura tiene?

her eyes were wide with amazement — tenía los ojos como platos de asombro *

- give sb a wide berth

2) (=extensive) [support, variety] gran; [range, selection] amplio

a wide choice of bulbs is available — hay una gran variedad de bulbos donde escoger, hay una gran variedad de bulbos disponible

there is a wide choice of colours — hay muchos colores para escoger

he has a wide following — tiene un gran número de seguidores

a wide range of — una amplia gama de

in the wider context of — dentro del contexto más amplio de

the story received wide coverage — el suceso recibió una amplia cobertura

to have (a) wide knowledge of sth — tener amplios conocimientos de algo

this ruling could have wider implications — esta decisión podría tener implicaciones más amplias

the incident raises wider issues — el incidente hace plantearse cuestiones de mayor envergadura

3) (=large) [gap, differences] grande

to win by a wide margin — ganar por un margen amplio

4) (=off target)

his first shot was wide — (Ftbl) su primer tiro or chute pasó de largo; (Shooting) su primer disparo no dio en el blanco

to be wide of the target — desviarse mucho del blanco

- be wide of the mark

their accusations may not be so wide of the mark — puede que sus acusaciones no se encuentren tan lejos de la realidad

2. ADV

1) (=fully)

he opened the window wide — abrió la ventana de par en par

• wide apart — bien separados

• to be wide awake — (lit) estar completamente despierto

we'll have to be wide awake for this meeting — tendremos que estar con los ojos bien abiertos en esta reunión, tendremos que estar muy al tanto en esta reunión

• wide open — [window, door] de par en par, completamente abierto

with his eyes (open) wide or wide open — con los ojos muy abiertos

she went into marriage with her eyes wide open — se casó sabiendo muy bien lo que hacía

the wide open spaces — los espacios abiertos

we were left wide open to attack — quedamos totalmente expuestos a un ataque

2) (=off target)

the shot went wide — (Ftbl) el tiro or chute pasó de largo; (Shooting) el disparo no dio en el blanco

Fleming shot wide — (Ftbl) Fleming realizó un disparo que pasó de largo a la portería
far 1., 1)
3.

N (Cricket) pelota que el bateador no puede golpear porque la han lanzado muy lejos y que cuenta como una carrera para el equipo del bateador

4.

CPD

wide boy ** N — buscón ** m, ratero * m

wide area network N — red f de área amplia

* * *

I [waɪd]
adjective wider, widest

1) ( in dimension) <river/feet/trousers> ancho; < gap> grande; <desert/ocean> vasto

it's two meters wide — tiene or mide dos metros de ancho

to get wider — ensancharse

she looked at me with wide eyes — me miró con los ojos muy abiertos

2) (in extent, range) <experience/powers> amplio; < area> amplio, extenso

a wide variety of things — una gran variedad de cosas

the newspaper with the widest circulation — el diario de mayor circulación

the wide world — el ancho mundo

3) ( off target) <ball/shot> desviado

wide OF something — lejos de algo; mark I 4)

II

adverb wider, widest

1) (completely, fully)

her mouth gaped wide — se quedó boquiabierta or con la boca abierta

wide apart: with your feet wide apart con los pies bien or muy separados; wide awake: to be wide awake estar* completamente espabilado or despierto; open wide! abra bien la boca, abre grande (fam); wide open: you left the door wide open dejaste la puerta abierta de par en par; I'm going into this with my eyes wide open sé muy bien en qué me estoy metiendo; he's laid himself wide open to criticism él mismo se ha expuesto a que lo critiquen; the game is wide open — el partido no está definido

2) ( off target)

the ball went wide — la pelota se desvió

wide OF something — lejos de algo

English-spanish dictionary > wide
4 test

test
1. noun
1) (a set of questions or exercises intended to find out a person's ability, knowledge etc; a short examination: an arithmetic/driving test.) prueba, examen, test

2) (something done to find out whether a thing is good, strong, efficient etc: a blood test.) prueba, examen, test; análisis (de sangre)

3) (an event, situation etc that shows how good or bad something is: a test of his courage.) prueba

4) (a way to find out if something exists or is present: a test for radioactivity.) ensayo, prueba

5) (a test match.) partido internacional

2. verb
(to carry out a test or tests on (someone or something): The students were tested on their French; They tested the new aircraft.) probar, examinar; hacer un análisis

- test match
- test pilot
- test-tube

test¹ n examen / prueba

a maths test un examen de mates

she failed her driving test suspendió el examen de conducir

test² vb testar / probar / comprobar

scientists are testing the new drug los científicos están testando el nuevo medicamento

test sustantivo masculino (pl
◊ tests) test;
un examen tipo test a multiple-choice exam
test sustantivo masculino test
test de calidad, quality test ' test' also found in these entries: Spanish: alcoholemia - análisis - control - ensayar - ensayo - evaluación - examen - graduar - lección - negativa - negativo - positiva - positivo - probar - probeta - prueba - psicotécnica - psicotécnico - suficiencia - testar - verificación - admisión - bebé - citología - comprobación - convivencia - dar - ejercicio - interrogación - Papanicolau - piloto - resistencia - seguro - sondeo - tentar - verificar English: accurately - acid test - aptitude test - attest - blood test - breath test - detest - driving test - ease - polygraph - protest - protester - review - score - smear test - test - test case - test drive - test pilot - test run - test-tube baby - testament - testicle - testify - testimonial - testimony - worried - answer - blood - blow - Breathalyzer - dope - driving - endurance - fail - full - go - grade - graduated - litmus - means - multiple - Pap smear - pass - pilot - positive - quiz - remote - screen - set

test

tr[test]

noun

1 (trial) prueba

2 SMALLEDUCATION/SMALL (gen) examen nombre masculino, prueba; (multiple choice) test nombre masculino

3 SMALLMEDICINE/SMALL análisis nombre masculino

transitive verb

1 (gen) probar

■ our products are not tested on animals nuestros productos no se prueban con animales

2 (patience, loyalty) poner a prueba

3 SMALLEDUCATION/SMALL hacerle una prueba a

4 SMALLMEDICINE/SMALL analizar

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to stand the test of time resistir el paso del tiempo

to take a car for a test drive probar un coche en carretera

test case caso que sienta jurisprudencia

test flight vuelo de prueba

test match partido internacional

test pilot piloto de pruebas

test tube probeta

test ['tɛst] vt

: examinar, evaluar

test vi

: hacer pruebas

test n

: prueba f, examen m, test m

to put to the test: poner a prueba

test

n.

• ensayo s.m.

• examen s.m.

• piedra de toque s.f.

• probatura s.f.

• prueba s.f.

• tanteo s.m.

• test s.m.

v.

• ensayar v.

• examinar v.

• experimentar v.

• probar v.

• tantear v.

• verificar v.

test
I

noun

1)

a) ( Educ) prueba f; ( multiple-choice type) test m

to do o take a test — hacer* una prueba/un test

to give o set somebody a test — hacerle* or ponerle* a alguien una prueba/un test

b) (of machine, drug) prueba f

to put something to the test — poner* algo a prueba

to stand the test of time — resistir el paso del tiempo; (before n) <run, flight> experimental, de prueba

c) (analysis, investigation)

blood/urine test — análisis m de sangre/orina

to have an eye/a hearing test — hacerse* un examen de la vista/del oído

he had an AIDS test — se le hizo la prueba del sida

2) ( Sport) partido m internacional

II
1.

transitive verb

a) \<\<student/class\>\> examinar, hacerle* una prueba a; \<\<knowledge/skill\>\> evaluar*

to test somebody ON something — examinar a alguien sobre algo

b) test (out) \<\<product/vehicle/weapon\>\> probar*, poner* a prueba

these cosmetics have not been tested on animals — no se han utilizado animales en las pruebas de laboratorio de estos cosméticos

c) \<\<friendship/endurance\>\> poner* a prueba

d) \<\<blood/urine\>\> analizar*; \<\<sight/hearing/reflexes\>\> examinar; \<\<hypothesis\>\> comprobar*

you need your eyes tested — tienes que hacerte examinar la vista

to test somebody for something: she was tested for AIDS se le hizo un análisis para determinar si tenía el sida; to test something FOR something: the eggs were tested for salmonella — los huevos fueron analizados para determinar si estaban infectados de salmonela

2.

vi ( carry out a test) hacer* pruebas; ( Med) hacer* análisis

just testing! — (hum) era sólo para ver qué decías

she tested positive — su análisis dio positivo

[test]
1. N

1) (Scol, Univ) examen m ; (multiple-choice) test m ; (esp for job) prueba f

we've got a maths test tomorrow — mañana tenemos (un) examen de matemáticas

• to do a test — (Scol, Univ) hacer un examen; (multiple choice) hacer un test; (for job) hacer una prueba

• to fail a test — (Scol, Univ) suspender un examen; (multiple choice) suspender un test; (for job) no pasar una prueba

• to give sb a test (in sth) — examinar a algn (de algo), poner a algn un examen (de algo)

• an oral test — un examen oral

• to pass a test — (Scol, Univ) aprobar un examen; (multiple choice) aprobar un test; (for job) pasar una prueba

• to take a test — (Scol, Univ) hacer un examen; (multiple choice) hacer un test; (for job) hacer una prueba

• a written test — un examen oral/escrito
aptitude, intelligence
2) (Aut) (also: driving test) examen m de conducir

• to fail one's test — suspender el examen de conducir

• to pass one's test — aprobar el examen de conducir

• to take one's test — hacer el examen de conducir

3) (Med) [of organs, functioning] prueba f ; [of sample, substance] análisis m inv

• AIDS test — prueba f del sida

• blood test — análisis m inv de sangre

• eye test — revisión f de la vista

• it was sent to the laboratory for tests — lo mandaron al laboratorio para que lo analizaran

• hearing test — revisión f del oído

• medical test — examen m médico

• pregnancy test — prueba f del embarazo

• urine test — análisis m inv de orina
breath, fitness, litmus, smear
4) (=trial) [of aircraft, new product, drug] prueba f

• nuclear test — prueba f nuclear

• they want to ban cosmetics tests on animals — quieren prohibir las pruebas de cosméticos en animales
flight I, 1., 1), screen 3.
5) (fig) prueba f

he now faces the toughest test of his leadership — ahora se enfrenta a la prueba más difícil durante su periodo como líder

holidays are a major test of any relationship — irse de vacaciones es una de las pruebas más difíciles a la que se somete cualquier relación

• to put sth to the test — poner or someter algo a prueba

• to stand the test of time — resistir el paso del tiempo
acid, endurance
6) (Cricket, Rugby) (also: test match) partido m internacional

2. VT

1) [+ student, pupil] examinar; [+ candidate] (for job) hacer una prueba a; [+ knowledge] evaluar; [+ understanding] poner a prueba

• to test sb on sth — (Scol, Univ) examinar a algn de algo; (esp for job) hacer una prueba de algo a algn; (for revision) hacer preguntas de algo a algn (para repasar)

she was tested on her computer skills — le hicieron una prueba de informática

can you test me on my French/spelling? — ¿me haces preguntas de francés/ortografía?

2) (Med) [+ blood, urine, sample] analizar

• to have one's eyes tested — hacerse una revisión de la vista

• to test sb/sth for sth, to test sb for AIDS — hacer la prueba del SIDA a algn

to test sb for drugs — (gen) realizar pruebas a algn para comprobar si ha consumido drogas; [+ athlete, sportsperson] realizar el control antidoping a algn

my doctor wants me to be tested for diabetes — mi médico quiere que me haga un análisis para ver or frm determinar si tengo diabetes

the urine is tested for protein — se hace un análisis de orina para determinar el contenido de proteínas

3) (=conduct trials on) [+ aircraft, weapon, new product, drug] probar

the drug was tested in clinical trials — se sometió el medicamento a pruebas clínicas

• all our products are tested for quality — probamos la calidad de todos nuestros productos

• to test sth on sth/sb — probar algo con or en algo/algn

none of our products are tested on animals — ninguno de nuestros productos se prueba con or en animales

test the cream on an unaffected area of skin — pruebe la crema sobre una zona cutánea no afectada

4) (=check) probar

test the water temperature with your elbow — pruebe la temperatura del agua con el codo

he tested the ice with a stick — usó un palo para comprobar la solidez del hielo

- test the waters

5) (fig) (=put to the test) [+ person, courage] poner a prueba

his resolve will be tested to the limits this week — su resolución se pondrá a prueba al máximo esta semana

to test sb's patience — poner a prueba la paciencia de algn

3.

VI (=conduct a test)

testing, testing... — (Telec) probando, probando...

• it is a method used to test for allergies — es un método utilizado en pruebas de alergia

• just testing! — hum ¡por si acaso pregunto!

• to test negative/ positive (for sth) — dar negativo/positivo (en la prueba de algo)

4.

CPD

(nuclear) test ban N — prohibición f de pruebas nucleares

test ban treaty N — (also: nuclear test ban treaty) tratado m de prohibición de pruebas nucleares

test bed N — banco m de pruebas

test card N — (TV) carta f de ajuste

test case N — (Jur) juicio m que sienta jurisprudencia

test cricket N — críquet m a nivel internacional

test data NPL — resultados mpl de prueba

test drive N — (by potential buyer) prueba f en carretera; (by mechanic, technician) prueba f de rodaje

to take sth for a test drive — probar algo en carretera
test-drive
test flight N — vuelo m de prueba, vuelo m de ensayo

test marketing N — pruebas de un producto nuevo en el mercado

test marketing has already shown the product to be a great success — las pruebas realizadas en el mercado ya han mostrado que el producto tiene un éxito tremendo

test match N — (Cricket, Rugby) partido m internacional

test paper N — (Scol, Univ) examen m ; (multiple-choice) test m ; (Chem) papel m reactivo

test pattern N (US) (TV) — = test card

test piece N — (Mus) pieza f elegida para un certamen de piano

test pilot N — piloto mf de pruebas

test run N — (lit) vuelta f de prueba, prueba f ; (fig) puesta f a prueba

test tube N — probeta f, tubo m de ensayo

test tube baby N — bebé mf probeta

- test out

* * *
[test]
I

noun

1)

a) ( Educ) prueba f; ( multiple-choice type) test m

to do o take a test — hacer* una prueba/un test

to give o set somebody a test — hacerle* or ponerle* a alguien una prueba/un test

b) (of machine, drug) prueba f

to put something to the test — poner* algo a prueba

to stand the test of time — resistir el paso del tiempo; (before n) <run, flight> experimental, de prueba

c) (analysis, investigation)

blood/urine test — análisis m de sangre/orina

to have an eye/a hearing test — hacerse* un examen de la vista/del oído

he had an AIDS test — se le hizo la prueba del sida

2) ( Sport) partido m internacional

II
1.

transitive verb

a) \<\<student/class\>\> examinar, hacerle* una prueba a; \<\<knowledge/skill\>\> evaluar*

to test somebody ON something — examinar a alguien sobre algo

b) test (out) \<\<product/vehicle/weapon\>\> probar*, poner* a prueba

these cosmetics have not been tested on animals — no se han utilizado animales en las pruebas de laboratorio de estos cosméticos

c) \<\<friendship/endurance\>\> poner* a prueba

d) \<\<blood/urine\>\> analizar*; \<\<sight/hearing/reflexes\>\> examinar; \<\<hypothesis\>\> comprobar*

you need your eyes tested — tienes que hacerte examinar la vista

to test somebody for something: she was tested for AIDS se le hizo un análisis para determinar si tenía el sida; to test something FOR something: the eggs were tested for salmonella — los huevos fueron analizados para determinar si estaban infectados de salmonela

2.

vi ( carry out a test) hacer* pruebas; ( Med) hacer* análisis

just testing! — (hum) era sólo para ver qué decías

she tested positive — su análisis dio positivo

English-spanish dictionary > test
5 wise

adjective

1) (having gained a great deal of knowledge from books or experience or both and able to use it well.) sabio

2) (sensible: You would be wise to do as he suggests; a wise decision.) sensato, juicioso

•

- wisely
- wisdom
- wisdom tooth
- wisecrack
- wise guy
- be wise to
- none the wiser
- put someone wise
- put wise

wise adj

1. sabio

a wise old woman una vieja sabia

2. prudente / sensato / acertado

a wise decision una decisión prudente

wise

tr[waɪz]

adjective

1 (learned, knowledgeable) sabio,-a

2 (sensible, prudent - person) prudente, sensato,-a; (- action, remark) prudente; (- advice) sabio,-a; (- decision, choice, move) atinado,-a, acertado,-a

■ you were wise to sell it estuviste acertado al venderlo

■ it would be wise to wait sería prudente esperar

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

as wise as an owl tan sabio,-a como Salomón

to be wise after the event hablar a toro pasado

to be/get wise to somebody calar a alguien

to be none the wiser (not understand) seguir sin entender 2 (not realize) no darse cuenta, no enterarse

to put somebody wise to something poner a alguien al tanto de algo

the Three Wise Men los Reyes Magos

wise guy sabelotodo

————————

wise

tr[waɪz]

noun

1 architecture manera, modo, guisa

■ any wise de cualquier manera

■ in no wise de ningún modo

■ in this wise de esta guisa

wise ['waɪz] adj, wiser ; wisest

1) learned: sabio

2) sensible: sabio, sensato, prudente

3) knowledgeable: entendido, enterado

they're wise to his tricks: conocen muy bien sus mañas

wise n

: manera f, modo m

in no wise: de ninguna manera

wise

v.

• hacer saber v.

adj.

• acertado, -a adj.

• ajuiciado, -a adj.

• atinado, -a adj.

• discreto, -a adj.

• juicioso, -a adj.

• prudente adj.

• sabido, -a adj.

• sabio, -a adj.

• sano, -a adj.

• sapiente adj.

• sesudo, -a adj.

waɪz
adjective wiser, wisest

a) ( prudent) < person> prudente, sensato; <choice/decision> acertado, prudente

it would be wise to call first — sería prudente or aconsejable llamar antes

b) (learned, experienced) sabio

the three Wise Men — los Reyes Magos

it's easy to be wise after the event — es muy fácil criticar a posteriori

to be none the wiser: I'm none the wiser sigo sin entender or sin enterarme; eat one: no-one will be any the wiser cómete una, nadie se va a dar cuenta; to get wise with somebody — (AmE colloq) insolentarse con alguien

c) ( aware) (colloq)

to be wise TO something/somebody: don't worry, I'm wise to him/his tricks — no te preocupes que lo conozco muy bien or (fam) ya lo tengo calado/le conozco las mañas

Phrasal Verbs:

- wise up

I [waɪz]
1. ADJ
(compar wiser) (superl wisest)
1) (=learned) [person] sabio; [words] sabio, acertado

he's a very wise man — es un hombre muy sabio

the Three Wise Men — los Reyes Magos

she's very wise in the ways of the world — tiene mucha experiencia de la vida

she had grown wiser with age — se había vuelto más prudente or juiciosa con los años

to get wise — (esp US) * darse cuenta, caer en la cuenta *

the police got wise to them — la policía los caló *

to get wise with sb — (esp US) * hacerse el listo con algn

a wise move — una idea acertada

I'm none the wiser — me he quedado igual

nobody will be any the wiser — nadie se dará cuenta

to put sb wise to sth * — poner a algn al corriente or al tanto de algo

- be wise after the event

2) (=prudent) [precaution] sabio; [decision, choice] sabio, acertado

a map of the area would be a wise investment — sería aconsejable comprar un mapa del área

it would be wise to — + infin sería prudente + infin, sería aconsejable + infin

you'd be wise to accept — harías bien en aceptar

he was wise enough to refuse — tuvo la suficiente sensatez como para negarse

2.

CPD

wise guy * N — listillo(-a) * m / f pej

wise guy, huh? — ¿tú te lo sabes todo, eh?, eres muy listo, ¿verdad?

wise man N — (=sage) sabio m ; (=witch doctor) hechicero m

Wise Men NPL —

• the (Three) Wise Men — los (Tres) Reyes Magos

wise woman N — (=sage) sabia f ; (=witch doctor) hechicera f

- wise up

II

† [waɪz]
N frm
in this wise — de esta guisa

in no wise — de ningún modo

* * *
[waɪz]
adjective wiser, wisest

a) ( prudent) < person> prudente, sensato; <choice/decision> acertado, prudente

it would be wise to call first — sería prudente or aconsejable llamar antes

b) (learned, experienced) sabio

the three Wise Men — los Reyes Magos

it's easy to be wise after the event — es muy fácil criticar a posteriori

to be none the wiser: I'm none the wiser sigo sin entender or sin enterarme; eat one: no-one will be any the wiser cómete una, nadie se va a dar cuenta; to get wise with somebody — (AmE colloq) insolentarse con alguien

c) ( aware) (colloq)

to be wise TO something/somebody: don't worry, I'm wise to him/his tricks — no te preocupes que lo conozco muy bien or (fam) ya lo tengo calado/le conozco las mañas

Phrasal Verbs:

- wise up

English-spanish dictionary > wise
6 free

1. a свободный, независимый, вольный

free country — свободная страна

free for — свободный для

free gas — свободный газ

free ranging — свободный

free axle — свободная ось

free city — вольный город

2. a находящийся на свободе, свободный

to set free — освобождать

free will — свобода воли

free atom — свободный атом

free soil — свободный штат

free swing — свободный мах

free world — свободный мир

3. a добровольный, свободный, без принуждения

free choice — свободный выбор

toll free — без пошлины

free hole — свободная дырка

free style — свободный ход

free travel — свободный ход

free wave — свободная волна

4. a незанятый, свободный

are you free in the afternoon? — вы свободны днём?

free cell — свободная клетка

free feed — свободная подача

free love — свободная любовь

free nappe — свободная струя

free outlet — свободный сток

5. a открытый, без препятствий или помех, свободный

the way is free — путь свободен

free trade area — зона свободной торговли

free unlimited — свободный неограниченный

free term — свободный терм; свободный член

issuing free — отпуск без оплаты стоимости

free end — подвижная опора; свободный конец

6. a открытый, доступный; беспрепятственный

free access — свободный доступ

free flame — открытое пламя

free level — открытый уровень

free airport — открытый аэропорт

make free use of — беспрепятственно пользоваться

free and open market — свободный и открытый рынок

7. a эк. свободный, вольный, беспошлинный

free import — беспошлинный ввоз

duty free — беспошлинный

custom free — беспошлинный

customs free — беспошлинный

free of duty — беспошлинный

free seaport — вольный порт

8. a неограниченный, не стеснённый правилами

free translation — вольный перевод

free straddle angle support — упор ноги врозь вне

9. a бесплатный, даровой

free of charge — бесплатный

free board and lodging — бесплатное питание и жильё

free education — бесплатное образование

free medical attention — бесплатная медицинская помощь

free treatment — бесплатное лечение

admission is free on Mondays and Fridays — по понедельникам и пятницам вход бесплатный

free to all — бесплатный вход

free concert — бесплатный концерт

free parking — бесплатная автостоянка

free transport — бесплатный транспорт

free pass — бесплатный проездной билет

free service — бесплатное обслуживание

free entrance card — бесплатный пропуск

10. a лишённый; свободный

a river free of ice — река, очистившаяся ото льда

a day free from wind — безветренный день

free from pain — безболезненный

to be free of a disease — избавиться от болезни

free path — свободный пробег

free rosin — свободная смола

free vent — свободный выпуск

free area — свободное сечение

free branch — свободная ветвь

11. a неприкреплённый, незакреплённый, свободный

to leave one end of a rope free — оставить конец каната свободным

free charge — свободный заряд

free fall — свободное падение

free flow — свободное течение

free lime — свободная известь

free press — свободная пресса

12. a хим. несвязанный

free atom — свободный щедрый, обильный

free spender — расточитель

13. a непринуждённый, лёгкий, грациозный

free gesture — грациозный жест

14. a распущенный; вольный

free manners — небрежные манеры

free company — вольный отряд, отряд наёмников, ландскнехтов

15. a лингв. нефиксированный

free stress — свободное ударение

16. a лингв. свободный, позиционно не обусловленный

free vowel — гласный в открытом слоге

free variable — свободная переменная; несвязанная переменная

free of capture and seizure — свободно от пленения и захвата

free laser oscillation — лазер в режиме свободной генерации

free harmonic vibration — свободное гармоническое колебание

free betatron oscillation — свободное бетатронное колебание

17. a спец. свободный; нейтральный

free flight — свободный полёт

free space list — список свободной памяти

free substitution — свободная подстановка

free ferrite constituent — свободный феррит

free path length — длина свободного пробега

free exchange rate — свободный валютный курс

18. a спец. холостой

free pulley — холостой шкив

running free — работа на холостом ходу

run free — работал на холостом ходу

ran free — работал на холостом ходу

19. a спец. спорт. вольный

20. a спец. мор. попутный, благоприятный

free of — за пределами

21. adv бесплатно

all members admitted free — все члены общества проходят бесплатно

free discharge — бесплатная выгрузка

free advertising — бесплатная реклама

free care — бесплатная медицинская помощь

free transportation — бесплатная перевозка

free bonus book — бесплатная книга - премия

22. adv мор. с попутным ветром, без лавирования

free standing — без дополнительных креплений

hands free — вольные упражнения без предметов

pinhole free isolation — изоляция без проколов

free seated flight — рейс без бронирования мест

Free State — свободный штат, штат без рабовладения

23. v выпускать на свободу

free trade agreement — соглашение о свободе внешней торговли

to yearn to be free — стремиться к свободе, жаждать свободы

to have a free hand — иметь полную свободу действий

obstacle free zone — зона, свободная от препятствий

free economic area — свободная экономическая зона

24. v освобождать, делать свободным

to free oneself from debt — разделаться с долгами

fpa free of particular average — свободно от частной аварии

fair and free trading — свободная и взаимовыгодная торговля

free rolling resistance — сопротивление свободному качению

free carrier absorption — поглощение свободными носителями

period of free oscillations — период свободных колебаний

Синонимический ряд:

1. available (adj.) available; extra; spare

2. careless (adj.) careless; unchecked; uninhibited

3. chargeless (adj.) chargeless; complimentary; cost-free; costless; gratis; gratuitous

4. clear (adj.) clear; decontrolled; devoid; disengaged; exempt; immune; uncluttered; uncontrolled; unfastened

5. familiar (adj.) candid; familiar; frank; informal; unceremonious; unconstrained

6. fancy-free (adj.) fancy-free; heart-whole

7. immoral (adj.) immoral; lewd; libertine; licentious; ribald

8. lax (adj.) lax; unattached

9. liberal (adj.) bounteous; bountiful; charitable; freehanded; generous; handsome; lavish; liberal; munificent; openhanded; open-handed; unsparing; unstinting

10. open (adj.) open; scot-free; unobstructed; unoccupied; unregulated; unreserved; unrestricted

11. outspoken (adj.) free-spoken; outspoken; round; vocal

12. released (adj.) emancipated; liberated; manumitted; released; unfettered

13. sovereign (adj.) at liberty; autarchic; autarkic; autonomous; independent; separate; sovereign

14. unencumbered (adj.) easy; firm; swift; unencumbered; unimpeded

15. unrestrained (adj.) inexact; loose; unconfined; unrestrained

16. voluntary (adj.) spontaneous; uncompelled; unforced; voluntary

17. gratis (noun) complimentary; gratis; gratuitous

18. discharge (verb) deliver; discharge; disenthrall; disimprison; emancipate; exempt; liberate; loose; loosen; manumit; redeem; release; rescue; unbind; unchain; unshackle

19. relieve (verb) clear; disengage; relieve; rid

20. freely (other) at will; freely; unconstrainedly

Антонимический ряд:

amenable; attached; biased; bind; blocked; bound; chargeable; choice; close; compelled; compulsory; conditional; confine; confined; costly; dear; dependent; essential; reserved; subservient

English-Russian base dictionary > free
7 broad

[brɔːd]
aggettivo

1) (wide) largo, ampio

to have a broad back — fig. avere le spalle larghe

2) (extensive) [area, expanse] vasto, ampio, esteso

3) (wide-ranging) [choice, range] ampio, vasto; [introduction, syllabus, consensus] ampio, generale; [ alliance] ampio

4) (general) [base, outline, principle] generale; [meaning, term] generico

5) (liberal) [ view] largo, ampio

to have a broad mind — avere una mente aperta

6) (unsubtle) [ wink] chiaro, esplicito

to drop broad hints about — fare allusioni esplicite a

7) (pronounced) [ accent] forte, spiccato

8) (complete)

in broad daylight — in pieno giorno

9) (vulgar) [joke, humour] volgare

••

it's as broad as it's long — fa o è lo stesso

* * *
[bro:d]
adjective

1) (wide; great in size from side to side: a broad street.) largo

2) (from side to side: two metres broad.) di larghezza

3) (general; not detailed: We discussed the plans in broad outline.) ampio, completo

•

- broaden
- broadly
- broad daylight
- broad-minded
- broadside on
* * *
[brɔːd]
aggettivo

1) (wide) largo, ampio

to have a broad back — fig. avere le spalle larghe

2) (extensive) [area, expanse] vasto, ampio, esteso

3) (wide-ranging) [choice, range] ampio, vasto; [introduction, syllabus, consensus] ampio, generale; [ alliance] ampio

4) (general) [base, outline, principle] generale; [meaning, term] generico

5) (liberal) [ view] largo, ampio

to have a broad mind — avere una mente aperta

6) (unsubtle) [ wink] chiaro, esplicito

to drop broad hints about — fare allusioni esplicite a

7) (pronounced) [ accent] forte, spiccato

8) (complete)

in broad daylight — in pieno giorno

9) (vulgar) [joke, humour] volgare

••

it's as broad as it's long — fa o è lo stesso

English-Italian dictionary > broad
8 prime

1. n начало, начальный период

2. n поэт. весна

3. n расцвет, лучшее время

he is past his prime — пора расцвета миновала; его лучшие годы позади

prime of life — расцвет сил

prime purchaser — аудитория времени массового просмотра

4. n лучшая часть

prime rib — спинная часть говяжьей туши

5. n церк. заутреня

6. n рассвет; заря

7. n муз. прима; основной тон

area of prime responsibility — основная территория

prime depot — основной зональный склад

prime vendor — основной поставщик

prime steam lard — лярд прима

prime area — основная область

8. n мат. прим, знак штриха

prime lard — лярд прима

double prime — двойной штрих

prime example — яркий пример

9. n мат. фехт. прим-позиция, первая позиция

prime vertical — первый вертикал

prime necessities — предметы первой необходимости

goods of prime necessity — товары первой необходимости

articles of prime necesery — предметы первой необходимости

10. a первоначальный

prime cause — первоначальная причина, первопричина

11. a первичный, исходный

prime cost — себестоимость

prime movement — первичный двигатель

prime attribute — первичный атрибут

prime rating — первичная мощность

12. a простой, несоставной

prime number — простое число

theorem of prime numbers — теорема простых чисел

relevant prime ideal — простой идеал

prime implicanr — простая импликанта

13. a главный, важнейший; первый, основной

prime advantage — важнейшее преимущество

prime factor — главный фактор

prime focus — главный фокус

prime shift — основная смена

14. a превосходный, отличный, первоклассный, лучшего качества

prime beef — отличная говядина, говядина высшего сорта

prime rates — ставка процента для первоклассных заемщиков

prime investment — первоклассная инвестиция

15. v воен. воспламенять

16. v воен. вставлять запал или взрыватель

17. v воен. заряжать

prime a turbine — заряжать сильфон турбинной камеры

prime the turbine — заряжать сильфон турбинной камеры

18. v воен. уст. затравливать порохом

19. v тех. заправлять; подкачивать топливо

20. v тех. заливать перед пуском

21. v тех. наполнять водой

22. v тех. разг. напоить, накормить досыта

well primed with beer — упившись пивом

23. v тех. заранее снабжать сведениями; инструктировать; натаскивать

the witness had been primed by a lawyer — юрист проинструктировал свидетеля

24. v спец. грунтовать

25. v спец. делать первичную обработку вяжущим материалом

prime power — первичная мощность

26. v спец. подвергать первичному воздействию антигена

27. v спец. биохим. служить затравкой

28. v спец. тех. уносить влагу паром

29. v спец. мат. помечать знаком штриха

30. v повторяться через короткие интервалы

31. v редк. выпрыгивать из воды

Синонимический ряд:

1. excellent (adj.) A1; bang-up; banner; best; blue-ribbon; bully; capital; champion; choice; classic; classical; elite; excellent; famous; fine; first-class; first-rate; first-string; five-star; front-rank; Grade A; great; number one; par excellence; quality; royal; select; skookum; sovereign; splendid; stunning; superb; superior; tiptop; top; topflight; top-notch; top-quality; unparalleled; whiz-bang

2. first (adj.) beginning; cardinal; chief; dominant; earliest; first; foremost; fundamental; initial; key; leading; maiden; main; major; original; outstanding; paramount; pioneer; pre-eminent; premier; primary; primitive; principal; underivative; underived

3. original (adj.) earliest; initial; original; pioneer; primary; primitive

4. adulthood (noun) adulthood; maturity

5. best (noun) best; choice; cream; elite; fat; pick; pride; primrose; prize; top

6. flower (noun) bloom; blossom; florescence; flower; flush

7. peak (noun) peak; perfection; zenith

8. youth (noun) adolescence; greenness; juvenility; puberty; pubescence; spring; springtide; springtime; youth; youthfulness; youthhood

9. apprise (verb) apprise; brief; inform; notify

10. educate (verb) educate; instruct; teach; tutor

11. prepare (verb) prepare; ready

12. provoke (verb) excite; galvanize; innervate; innerve; motivate; move; pique; provoke; quicken; rouse; stimulate; suscitate

Антонимический ряд:

childhood; inferior; last; later; neglect; secondary

English-Russian base dictionary > prime
9 TCA

1) Общая лексика: цикл Кребса, цикл трикарбоновых кислот (Krebs cycle, Tricarboxylic acid cycle)

2) Компьютерная техника: Task Control Area

3) Биология: trichloroacetic acid

4) Медицина: трихлоруксусная кислота (trichloracetic acid), tricyclic antidepressants

5) Американизм: The Conspiracy Alliance, Transformational Communications Architecture

6) Военный термин: TRADOC Contracting Agency, Tactical Commander Afloat, Tactical Communication Augmentation, Theater Collection Assets, Theater Communications Architecture, tactical combat aircraft, tactical communications area, tanker/cargo aircraft, technical change analysis, theater commander's approval, track crossing angle, traffic control area, trainer cargo aircraft, Зона временного пребывания (Temporary Containment Area), Зона временного размещения

7) Техника: temperature control assembly, trichloroacetate

8) Химия: Tri Chloroacetic Acid, Turbulent Contact Absorber, (trichloracetic acid) ТХУ (трихлоруксусная уислота)

9) Строительство: Total Construction Area (общая площадь застройки), общая площадь застройки

10) Автомобильный термин: thermostat controlled air cleaner

11) Телекоммуникации: Telecom Computing Architecture, Threshold Crossing Alert

12) Сокращение: Terminal Control Area, Terminal Controlled Airspace, Time of Closest Approach

13) Электроника: Terminal Control Areas

14) Вычислительная техника: Target Channel Adapter (Infini-Band), information technology & TeleCommunications Association (organization), Taipei Computer Association (organization, Taiwan)

15) Биохимия: Tricarboxylic Acid

16) Транспорт: Traffic Control Airport

17) СМИ: Teen Choice Awards, Television Critics Association

18) Сетевые технологии: Target Channel Adapter

19) Полимеры: trichloracetic acid

20) Автоматика: tooth contact analysis

21) Пластмассы: Telecommunication Computer Architecture

22) Химическое оружие: Toxic Change Area

23) Виноградарство: trichloroanisole (химический элемент, придающий привкус пробки вину)

24) Строительные материалы: Total Corrosion Allowances

25) Чат: Totally Crushed Again, Training Chat Archive

26) Аэропорты: Tennant Creek, Northern Territory, Australia

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > TCA
10 free

fri:
1. прил.
1) а) свободный, вольный, независимый( from, of) to make free use of smth. ≈ пользоваться чем-л. без ограничений;
широко пользоваться чем-л. Delicate Ariel, I'll set thee free for this. ≈ Любезный Ариэль, за это я тебе дарую свободу (Шекспир, "Буря"). make free set free turn free free choice б) свободный, находящийся на свободе( в разл. смыслах), также вне мест лишения свободы free animal в) свободный, незанятый( о человеке, пункте расписания, времени дня и т.п.) A fortnight hence I shall be free as air. ≈ Через две недели я буду свободен как ветер. Syn: vacant г) свободный, не стесненный правилами, обычаями и т. п., неограниченный;
свободный, непринужденный free love be free with one's money it's a free country free world Syn: liberal, lavish Ant: despotic д) свободный для доступа, открытый, доступный - free access Syn: open, unobstructed ∙ Syn: unimpeded, unrestrained, unrestricted, unhampered
2) а) добровольный, без принуждения б) бесплатный, даровой, освобожденный от оплаты - free of charge free of duty free imports free port free education ∙ Syn: exempt
3) а) свободный, незакрепленный, неприкрепленный( о человеке, веревке и т.д.) Syn: disengaged б) свободный от чего-л., не имеющий чего-л., лишенный чего-л. free of debt free from pain get free Syn: clear в) фон. неприкрытый( о гласной или слоге) г) физ.;
хим. свободный (об электроне, радикале и т.п.) Syn: uncombined д) о древесине, лесе: без сучков
4) грациозный, легкий free gesture ≈ непринужденный жест ∙ free labour free hand free throw to make free with smb. ≈ позволять себе вольности, бесцеремонность по отношению к кому-л. free of ≈ за пределами we're not free of the suburbs yet ≈ мы еще не выбрались из пригородов to give with a free hand ≈ раздавать щедрой рукой to spend with a free hand ≈ швыряться деньгами
2. нареч.
1) свободно;
непринужденно The knight smiled free at the fantasy. ≈ Рыцарь непринужденно улыбнулся - фантазия позабавила его. run free Syn: freely
2) бесплатно( также free of charge) free gratis and for nothing Syn: gratis
3) мор. с отпущенными булинями и свободно висящими ( ненатянутыми) парусами
3. гл.
1) а) прям. перен. освобождать Someone has freed the rats from their cages. ≈ Кто-то выпустил крыс из клеток. The United Nations are trying to free the world from the threat of war. ≈ ООН пытается устранить опасность войны. Then he freed one of these four slaves. ≈ Тогда он даровал свободу одному из четырех рабов. Syn: liberate б) освобождать от каких-л. обязательств и т.п. From all these inconveniences we are entirely freed. ≈ Мы даже понятия не имеем об этих неудобствах. Syn: exempt в) освобождать, высвобождать, отсоединять, отвязывать Syn: clear, disengage, disentangle
2) выпускать на свободу Syn: release, loose свободный, независимый, вольный - * country свободная страна - * people свободный народ находящийся на свободе, свободный - to set /to make/ * освобождать - to set a bird * выпустить птицу (из клетки) - to get * освобождаться добровольный, свободный, без принуждения - * choice свободный выбор - you are * to go or stay вы можете уйти или остаться - это ваше дело незанятый, свободный - are you * in the afternoon? вы свободны днем? - have you any rooms *? есть ли у вас свободные комнаты? - to have little * time иметь мало свободного времени, быть занятым открытый, без препятствий или помех, свободный - the way is * путь свободен - to make the road * очистить дорогу открытый, доступный;
беспрепятственный - * access свободный доступ - * access to the court (юридическое) право свободного обращения в суды - to make * use of smth. свободно /беспрепятственно/ пользоваться чем-л. - to make smb. * of smth. открывать кому-л. доступ к чему-л. - to make smb. * of one's house разрешить кому-л. пользоваться домом, как своим собственным - they made their children * of their library они разрешали /позволяли/ детям читать любую книгу из своей библиотеки (экономика) свободный, вольный, беспошлинный - * import беспошлинный ввоз неограниченный, не стесненный правилами - * translation вольный перевод - * love свободная любовь - * play of imagination свободная игра воображения бесплатный, даровой - * of charge бесплатный - * board and lodging бесплатное питание и жилье - * education бесплатное образование /обучение/ - * medical attention бесплатная медицинская помощь - * treatment бесплатное лечение - admission is * on Mondays and Fridays по понедельникам и пятницам вход бесплатный - * to all бесплатный вход (для всех) - * concert бесплатный концерт неоплачиваемый;
(коммерческое) тж. франко;
свободный от расходов - * of duty беспошлинный - * imports беспошлинные товары - * of income tax не облагаемый подоходным налогом;
с выплаченным ранее подоходным налогом (of, from) лишенный (чего-л.) ;
свободный (от чего-л.) - a river * of ice река, очистившаяся ото льда - a day * from wind безветреный день - * from pain безболезненный - to be * of a disease избавиться от болезни - to be * from duty быть не при исполнении служебных обязанностей;
быть свободным от дежурства и т. п. - * of debt не имеющий задолженности;
свободный от долгов - * from cares беззаботный, свободный от забот неприкрепленный, незакрепленный, свободный - to leave one end of a rope * оставить конец каната свободным - * balloon свободный /неуправляемый/ аэростат( химическое) несвязанный - * atom свободный атом щедрый, обильный - to be * with one's money свободно обращаться с деньгами, быть расточительным - * spender расточитель - to be * with one's praise щедро расточать похвалы - he seems rather * with his insults ему ничего не стоит оскорбить человека - this rose is a very * bloomer эта роза очень пышно цветет непринужденный, легкий, грациозный - * gesture грациозный жест - * step легкий шаг, легкая походка - * line изящная /плавная/ линия( рисунка) распущенный;
вольный - * manners небрежные манеры - to make /to be/ * with smth., smb. бесцеремонно обращаться с чем-л., кем-л.;
позволять себе вольность по отношению к чему-л., кому-л. нефиксированный - * stress свободное управление свободный, позиционно не обусловленный - * vowel гласный в открытом слоге - * language( компьютерное) естественный /неупорядоченный/ язык - * text (компьютерное) текст на естественном языке( специальное) свободный;
нейтральный - * flight свободный полет - * area (техническое) живое сечение - * position( техническое) нейтральное положение холостой - * pulley( техническое) холостой шкив - * running( техническое) свободное вращение;
холостой ход (машины) ;
(автомобильное) движение накатом( спортивное) вольный (об упражнениях) (морское) попутный, благоприятный( о ветре) > * labour( историческое) труд свободных людей( не рабов) ;
рабочие, не являющиеся членами профсоюза > * of за пределами > the ship is not * of the harbour yet судно еще не вышло из гавани > for * задаром;
на чужой счет > to have one's hands * быть незанятым;
иметь свободу действий бесплатно - all members admitted * все члены общества проходят бесплатно - tickets are given * билеты раздаются бесплатно - to give smth. away * отдать что-л. даром /без денег/ свободно, вольно - to speak one's mind * свободно высказываться щедро, обильно;
широко - to help * щедро помогать - to entertain * принимать( гостей) на широкую ногу открыто, откровенно - to admit smth. * признать что-л. прямо /открыто/ (морское) с попутным ветром, без лавирования освобождать - to * the land from oppression освободить /избавить/ страну от гнета - to * smb. from a charge /an accusation/ снять с кого-л. обвинение, оправдать кого-л. выпускать на свободу - to * smb. from restraint освобождать кого-л. из заключения, выпускать кого-л. на свободу (from, of) освобождать, делать свободным (от чего-л.) - to * one's hands from fetters сбросить оковы - to * oneself from debt разделаться с долгами - to * one's mind from anxiety успокаиваться, избавляться от тревоги /беспокойства/ ~ щедрый;
обильный;
to be free with one's money быть щедрым, расточительным cost ~ бесплатно ~ лишенный (from - чего-л.) ;
свободный (from - от чего-л) ;
a day free from wind безветренный день;
free from pain безболезненный delivered ~ of charge доставленный бесплатно delivered ~ to destination доставленный бесплатно к месту назначения delivery ~ с бесплатной доставкой free фин.: free currency необратимая валюта, валюта, не имеющая обеспечения ~ неограниченный, не стесненный правилами (обычаями и т. п.) ;
free love свободная любовь ~ бесплатно ~ бесплатно, безвозмездно, беспошлинно ~ бесплатный, даровой;
освобожденный от оплаты;
free education бесплатное образование ~ бесплатный, безвозмездный, беспошлинный, не подлежащий налогообложению ~ бесплатный ~ выпускать на свободу ~ делать свободным ~ добровольно ~ добровольный, без принуждения ~ добровольный ~ легкий, грациозный;
free gesture непринужденный жест ~ лишенный ~ лишенный (from - чего-л.) ;
свободный (from - от чего-л) ;
a day free from wind безветренный день;
free from pain безболезненный ~ не несущий ответственности за убытки ~ не облагаемый налогом ~ незанятый, свободный ~ неприкрепленный, незакрепленный ~ освобождать (from, of - от) ;
выпускать на свободу ~ освобождать ~ освобожденный от пошлины ~ открытый, доступный;
free access свободный доступ ~ вчт. пустой ~ свободно;
to run free бегать на свободе ~ свободно ~ свободный, вольный;
находящийся на свободе;
независимый ~ вчт. свободный ~ свободный ~ свободный от оплаты расходов ~ свободный от расходов ~ щедрый;
обильный;
to be free with one's money быть щедрым, расточительным ~ and easy разг. кабачок ~ and easy разг. концерт, встреча( и т. п.), где царит непринужденность ~ and easy непринужденный, чуждый условностей ~ at frontier price франко по предельной цене ~ at store франко-магазин free фин.: free currency необратимая валюта, валюта, не имеющая обеспечения ~ бесплатный, даровой;
освобожденный от оплаты;
free education бесплатное образование ~ лишенный (from - чего-л.) ;
свободный (from - от чего-л) ;
a day free from wind безветренный день;
free from pain безболезненный ~ легкий, грациозный;
free gesture непринужденный жест ~ of duty беспошлинный;
free imports беспошлинные товары ~ labour рабочие, не являющиеся членами профсоюза;
to make free (with smb.) позволять себе вольности, бесцеремонность (по отношению к кому-л.) ;
free of за пределами ~ labour труд лиц, не принадлежащих к профсоюзам ~ labour ист. труд свободных людей (не рабов) ~ неограниченный, не стесненный правилами (обычаями и т. п.) ;
free love свободная любовь ~ labour рабочие, не являющиеся членами профсоюза;
to make free (with smb.) позволять себе вольности, бесцеремонность (по отношению к кому-л.) ;
free of за пределами ~ of costs бесплатно ~ of customs свободный от таможенных пошлин ~ of charge бесплатный;
free of debt не имеющий долгов, задолженности ~ of debt не имеющий долгов ~ of defects бездефектный ~ of duty беспошлинный;
free imports беспошлинные товары ~ of income tax освобожденный от обложения подоходным налогом ~ of interest освобожденный от уплаты процентов ~ of premium освобожденный от уплаты страхового взноса we're not ~ of the suburbs yet мы еще не выбрались из пригородов;
free pardon полное прощение;
амнистия pardon: free ~ полное помилование ~ on board ком. амер. франко-вагон;
free port вольная гавань, порто-франко port: ~ порт, гавань;
port of call( of destination) порт захода( назначения) ;
port of entry порт ввоза;
free port вольная гавань, порто-франко free ~ свободный, вольный порт, порто-франко free ~ свободный порт free ~ франко-порт to make ~ use (of smth.) пользоваться (чем-л.) без ограничений;
широко пользоваться (чем-л.) ;
to get free освободиться to give with a ~ hand раздавать щедрой рукой;
to spend with a free hand швыряться деньгами to have (to give) a ~ hand иметь (давать) полную свободу действий ~ labour рабочие, не являющиеся членами профсоюза;
to make free (with smb.) позволять себе вольности, бесцеремонность (по отношению к кому-л.) ;
free of за пределами to make (или to set) ~ освобождать;
free choice свобода выбора to make ~ use (of smth.) пользоваться (чем-л.) без ограничений;
широко пользоваться (чем-л.) ;
to get free освободиться ~ свободно;
to run free бегать на свободе set ~ освобождать set: to ~ at rest уладить (вопрос) ;
to set at variance поссорить;
вызвать конфликт;
to set free освобождать;
to set loose отпускать to give with a ~ hand раздавать щедрой рукой;
to spend with a free hand швыряться деньгами we're not ~ of the suburbs yet мы еще не выбрались из пригородов;
free pardon полное прощение;
амнистия

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > free
11 safe

safe [seɪf]

1. adjective

   a. ( = not risky) [substance, toy] sans danger ; [nuclear reactor] sûr, sans danger ; [place, vehicle] sûr ; [ladder, structure] solide

• to make a bomb safe désamorcer une bombe

• to make a building safe assurer la sécurité d'un bâtiment

• in a safe place en lieu sûr

• the ice isn't safe la glace n'est pas solide

• to be in safe hands être en de bonnes mains

• that dog isn't safe around children ce chien peut présenter un danger pour les enfants

► safe to

• it is safe to say that... on peut affirmer sans trop s'avancer que...

• the water is safe to drink on peut boire cette eau sans danger

• is it safe to come out? est-ce qu'on peut sortir sans danger ?

• they assured him it was safe to return ils lui ont assuré qu'il pouvait revenir en toute sécurité

• it might be safer to wait il serait peut-être plus prudent d'attendre

• the safest thing to do would be to wait here le plus sûr serait d'attendre ici

• it's not safe to go out after dark il est dangereux de sortir la nuit

   b. [choice, job] sûr ; [method] sans risque ; [limit, level] raisonnable

• a safe margin une marge de sécurité

• to keep a safe distance from sth se tenir à bonne distance de qch ; (while driving) maintenir la distance de sécurité par rapport à qch

• to follow sb at a safe distance suivre qn à une distance respectueuse

• to be on the safe side (inf) pour plus de sûreté

   c. ( = problem-free) to wish sb a safe journey souhaiter bon voyage à qn

• safe journey! bon voyage !

• a safe landing un atterrissage réussi

• he wrote to acknowledge the safe arrival of the photographs il a écrit pour dire que les photos étaient bien arrivées

• to ensure the safe return of the hostages faire en sorte que les otages soient libérés sains et saufs

• a reward for the safe return of the stolen equipment une récompense à qui rapportera en bon état l'équipement volé

   d. ( = likely to be right) it is a safe assumption that... on peut dire sans trop s'avancer que...

• a safe bet ( = wise choice) un bon choix

• the house wine is always a safe bet on n'est jamais déçu en choisissant la cuvée du patron

• it's a safe bet that profits will fall il y a toutes les chances pour que les bénéfices diminuent

   e. ( = not in danger) [person] en sécurité ; ( = no longer in danger) hors de danger ; [object] en sécurité

• I don't feel very safe on this ladder je ne me sens pas très en sécurité sur cette échelle

• I won't feel safe until he's behind bars je ne serai tranquille que quand il sera derrière les barreaux

• to be safe from sth être à l'abri de qch

• I'm safe from him now il ne peut plus me nuire maintenant

• safe in the knowledge that... avec la certitude que...

• safe and sound sain et sauf

• to be safe with sb être en sécurité avec qn

• I'll keep it safe for you je vais vous le garder en lieu sûr

• your reputation is safe votre réputation ne craint rien

• your secret is safe with me je garderai le secret (PROV) better safe than sorry on n'est jamais trop prudent

2. noun

(for money, valuables) coffre-fort m

3. compounds

► safe area noun zone f de sécurité

► safe-breaker noun perceur m de coffres

► safe-conduct noun sauf-conduit m

► safe deposit box noun coffre-fort m à la banque

► safe haven noun refuge m

• to provide safe haven for sb offrir un refuge à qn ► safe house noun lieu m sûr

► safe passage noun

• to guarantee sb safe passage to/from a country assurer la protection de qn à son entrée dans un pays/à sa sortie d'un pays ► safe seat noun siège m sûr

• it was a safe Conservative seat (British) c'était un siège acquis au parti conservateur ► safe sex noun rapports mpl sexuels sans risque ; (with condom) rapports mpl sexuels protégés

* * *
[seɪf] 1.
noun coffre-fort m
2.
adjective

1) (after ordeal, risk) [person] sain et sauf; [object] intact

we know they are safe — nous les savons hors de danger

to hope for somebody's safe return — espérer que quelqu'un reviendra sans encombre

safe and sound — sain et sauf

2) (free from threat, harm)

to be safe — [person] être en sécurité; [document, valuables] être en lieu sûr; [company, job, reputation] ne pas être menacé

to feel safe — se sentir en sécurité

is the bike safe here? — est-ce qu'on peut laisser le vélo ici sans risque?

he's safe in bed — il dort tranquillement dans son lit

have a safe journey! — bon voyage!

to keep somebody safe — protéger quelqu'un ( from contre, de)

to keep something safe — ( protect) mettre quelque chose à l'abri ( from de); ( store) garder quelque chose en lieu sûr

to be safe from — être à l'abri de [attack, curiosity]

to be safe with somebody — ne rien risquer avec quelqu'un

3) ( risk-free) [product, toy, level, method] sans danger; [place, environment, vehicle, route] sûr; [structure, building] solide; [animal] inoffensif/-ive; [speed] raisonnable

the safest way to do — la façon la plus sûre de faire

to watch from a safe distance — observer à distance respectueuse

let's go - it's safe — allons-y - il n'y a plus de danger

it's not safe — c'est dangereux

to be safe for somebody — être sans danger pour quelqu'un

the toy/park is not safe for children — le jouet/parc est dangereux pour les enfants

it is safe to swim there — on peut s'y baigner sans danger

it is not safe to do — il est dangereux de faire

that car is not safe to drive — cette voiture est dangereuse

to make something safe — rendre [quelque chose] (plus) sûr [premises, beach]; rendre [quelque chose] inoffensif/-ive [bomb]

4) ( prudent) [investment] sûr; [estimate, choice] prudent; [topic] anodin

the safest thing to do would be to leave — le plus sûr serait de partir

it would be safer not to do — il vaudrait mieux ne pas faire

it is safe to say that — on peut dire à coup sûr que

it's safe to assume that — on peut raisonnablement penser que

5) ( reliable) [driver] prudent

to be in safe hands — être en bonnes mains

••

as safe as houses — GB ( secure) [person] en sécurité; [place] sûr; ( risk-free) sans risque

better safe than sorry! — mieux vaut prévenir que guérir!

just to be on the safe side — simplement par précaution

to play (it) safe — être prudent

English-French dictionary > safe
12 of

acknowledgement of receipt
подтверждение приема
actual time of arrival
фактическое время прибытия
aerodrome of call
аэродром выхода на радиосвязь
aerodrome of departure
аэродром вылета
aerodrome of intended landing
аэродром предполагаемой посадки
aerodrome of origin
аэродром приписки
aircraft center - of - gravity
центровка воздушного судна
airport of departure
аэропорт вылета
airport of destination
аэропорт назначения
airport of entry
аэропорт прилета
allocation of duties
распределение обязанностей
allocation of frequencies
распределение частот
allotment of frequencies
выделение частот
alternative means of communication
резервные средства связи
amount of controls
степень использования
amount of feedback
степень обратной связи
amount of precipitation
количество осадков
angle of allowance
угол упреждения
angle of approach
угол захода на посадку
angle of approach light
угол набора высоты
angle of ascent
угол набора высоты
angle of attack
угол атаки
angle of climb
угол набора высоты
angle of coverage
угол действия
angle of crab
угол сноса
angle of descent
угол снижения
angle of deviation
угол отклонения
angle of dip
угол магнитного склонения
angle of dive
угол пикирования
angle of downwash
угол скоса потока вниз
angle of elevation
угол места
angle of exit
угол схода
angle of glide
угол планирования
angle of incidence
угол атаки
angle of indraft
угол входа воздушной массы
angle of lag
угол отставания
angle of landing
посадочный угол
angle of pitch
угол тангажа
angle of roll
угол крена
angle - of - sideslip transmitter
датчик угла скольжения
angle of sight
угол прицеливания
angle of slope
угол наклона глиссады
angle of stall
угол сваливания
angle of turn
угол разворота
angle of upwash
угол скоса потока вверх
angle of visibility
угол обзора
angle of yaw
угол рыскания
antimeridian of Greenwich
меридиан, противоположный Гринвичскому
apparent drift of the gyro
кажущийся уход гироскопа
application of tariffs
применение тарифов
approach rate of descent
скорость снижения при заходе на посадку
arc of a path
дуга траектории
arc of equal bearings
дуга равных азимутов
area of coverage
зона действия
area of coverage of the forecasts
район обеспечения прогнозами
area of occurence
район происшествия
area of responsibility
зона ответственности
arrest the development of the stall
препятствовать сваливанию
assessment of costs
установление размеров расходов
assignment of duties
распределение обязанностей
Association of European Airlines
Ассоциация европейских авиакомпаний
Association of South Pacific Airlines
Ассоциация авиакомпаний южной части Тихого океана
assumption of control message
прием экипажем диспетчерского указания
at a speed of
на скорости
at the end of
в конце цикла
at the end of segment
в конце участка
(полета) at the end of stroke
в конце хода
(поршня) at the start of cycle
в начале цикла
at the start of segment
в начале участка
(полета) aviation-to-aviation type of interference
помехи от авиационных объектов
avoidance of collisions
предотвращение столкновений
avoidance of hazardous conditions
предупреждение опасных условий полета
axial of bank
продольная ось
axis of precession
ось прецессии гироскопа
axis of roll
продольная ось
axis of rotation
ось вращения
axis of yaw
вертикальная ось
backward movement of the stick
взятие ручки на себя
be out of trim
быть разбалансированным
best rate of climb
наибольшая скороподъемность
bias out of view
выходить из поля зрения
bill of entry
таможенная декларация
bill of lading
грузовая накладная
blanketing of controls
затенение рулей
body of compass card
диск картушки компаса
boundary of the area
граница зоны
Bureau of Administration and Services
Административно-хозяйственное управление
camber of a profile
кривизна профиля
care of passengers
обслуживание пассажиров
carriage of passengers
перевозка пассажиров
carry out a circuit of the aerodrome
выполнять круг полета над аэродромом
cause of aircraft trouble
причина неисправности воздушного судна
center of air pressure
центр аэродинамического давления
center of depression
центр низкого давления
center of force
центр приложения силы
center of gravity
центр тяжести
center of mass
центр масс
center of pressure
центр давления
Central Agency of Air Service
Главное агентство воздушных сообщений
certificate of revaccination
сертификат ревакцинации
certificate of safety for flight
свидетельство о допуске к полетам
certificate of vaccination
сертификат вакцинации
choice of field
выбор посадочной площадки
class of lift
класс посадки
clearance of goods
таможенное разрешение на провоз
clearance of obstacles
безопасная высота пролета препятствий
clearance of the aircraft
разрешение воздушному судну
coefficient of heat transfer
коэффициент теплопередачи
come clear of the ground
отрываться от земли
complex type of aircraft
комбинированный тип воздушного судна
composition of a crew
состав экипажа
concept of separation
эшелонирование
conditions of carriage
условия перевозок
cone of rays
пучок лучей
congestion of information
насыщенность информации
continuity of guidance
непрерывность наведения
contour of perceived noise
контур воспринимаемого шума
control of an investigation
контроль за ходом расследования
correlation of levels
приведение эшелонов в соответствие
country of arrival
страна прилета
country of origin
страна вылета
course of training
курс подготовки
coverage of the chart
картографируемый район
curve of equal bearings
линия равных азимутов
danger of collisions
опасность столкновения
degree of accuracy
степень точности
degree of freedom
степень свободы
degree of skill
уровень квалификации
degree of stability
степень устойчивости
denial of carriage
отказ в перевозке
Department of Transportation
Министерство транспорта
derivation of operating data
расчет эксплуатационных параметров
determination of cause
установление причины
determine amount of the error
определять величину девиации
determine the extent of damage
определять степень повреждения
determine the sign of deviation
определять знак девиации
development of the stall
процесс сваливания
direction of approach
направление захода на посадку
direction of rotation
направление вращения
direction of turn
направление разворота
duration of noise effect
продолжительность воздействия шума
elevation of the strip
превышение летной полосы
elevation setting of light units
установка углов возвышения глиссадных огней
eliminate the cause of
устранять причину
eliminate the source of danger
устранять источник опасности
(для воздушного движения) end of runway
начало ВПП
enforce rules of the air
обеспечивать соблюдение правил полетов
en-route change of level
изменение эшелона на маршруте
erection of the gyro
восстановление гироскопа
estimated position of aircraft
расчетное положение воздушного судна
estimated time of arrival
расчетное время прибытия
estimated time of departure
расчетное время вылета
estimated time of flight
расчетное время полета
even use of fuel
равномерная выработка топлива
extension of ticket validity
продление срока годности билета
extent of damage
степень повреждения
facilitate rapid clearance of
обеспечивать быстрое освобождение
factor of safety
уровень безопасности
filing of statistical data
представление статистических данных
first freedom of the air
первая степень свободы воздуха
first type of occurence
первый тип события
flow of air traffic
поток воздушного движения
fly under the supervision of
летать под контролем
for reasons of safety
в целях безопасности
freedom of action
свобода действий
freedom of the air
степень свободы воздуха
frequency of operations
частота полетов
gathering of information
сбор информации
general conditions of carriage
основные условия перевозки
General Conference of Weights and Measure
Генеральная конференция по мерам и весам
General Department of International Air Services of Aeroflot
Центральное управление международных воздушных сообщений гражданской авиации
get out of control
терять управление
given conditions of flight
заданные условия полета
go out of control
становиться неуправляемым
go out of the spin
выходить из штопора
grade of service
категория обслуживания
grade of the pilot licence
класс пилотского свидетельства
grading of runway
нивелирование ВПП
height at start of retraction
высота начала уборки
hover at the height of
зависать на высоте
identification of signals
опознавание сигналов
inconventional type of aircraft
нестандартный тип воздушного судна
increase a camber of the profile
увеличивать кривизну профиля
indication of a request
обозначение запроса
in interests of safety
в интересах безопасности
initial rate of climb
начальная скороподъемность
initial stage of go-around
начальный участок ухода на второй круг
inlet angle of attack
угол атаки заборного устройства
intake angle of attack
угол атаки воздухозаборника
integrated system of airspace control
комплексная система контроля воздушного пространства
interception of civil aircraft
перехват гражданского воздушного судна
International Co-ordinating Council of Aerospace Industries Association
Международный координационный совет ассоциаций авиакосмической промышленности
International Council of Aircraft Owner and Pilot Associations
Международный совет ассоциаций владельцев воздушных судов и пилотов
International Federation of Air Line Pilots' Associations
Международная федерация ассоциаций линейных пилотов
International Federation of Air Traffic Controllers' Associations
Международная федерация ассоциаций авиадиспетчеров
International Relations Department of the Ministry of Civil Aviation
Управление внешних сношений Министерства гражданской авиации
interpretation of the signal
расшифровка сигнала
interpretation of weather chart
чтение метеорологической карты
intersection of air routes
пересечение воздушных трасс
in the case of delay
в случае задержки
in the event of a mishap
в случае происшествия
in the event of malfunction
в случая отказа
introduction of the corrections
ввод поправок
keep clear of rotor blades
остерегаться лопастей несущего винта
keep clear of the aircraft
держаться на безопасном расстоянии от воздушного судна
keep out of the way
не занимать трассу
layout of aerodrome markings
маркировка аэродрома
layout of controls
расположение органов управления
lessee of an aircraft
арендатор воздушного судна
level of airworthiness
уровень летной годности
level of safety
уровень безопасности
level of speech interference
уровень помех речевой связи
limiting range of mass
предел ограничения массы
line of flight
линия полета
line of position
линия положения
line of sight
линия визирования
location of distress
район бедствия
loss of control
потеря управления
loss of pressurization
разгерметизация
loss of strength
потеря прочности
magnetic orientation of runway
ориентировка ВПП по магнитному меридиану
margin of error
допуск на погрешность
margin of lift
запас подъемной силы
margin of safety
допустимый уровень безопасности
margin of stability
запас устойчивости
marking of pavements
маркировка покрытия
mean scale of the chart
средний масштаб карты
means of communication
средства связи
means of identification
средства опознавания
meridian of Greenwich
гринвичский меридиан
method of steepest descent
способ резкого снижения
mode of flight
режим полета
moment of inertia
момент инерции
moment of momentum
момент количества движения
name-code of the route
кодирование названия маршрута
onset of wind
резкий порыв ветра
operation of aircraft
эксплуатация воздушного судна
out of ground effect
вне зоны влияния земли
out of service
изъятый из эксплуатации
overshoot capture of the glide slope
поздний захват глиссадного луча
period of rating currency
период действия квалифицированной отметки
personal property of passengers
личные вещи пассажиров
pilot's field of view
поле зрения пилота
plane of rotation
плоскость вращения
plane of symmetry of the aeroplane
плоскость симметрии самолета
point of arrival
пункт прилета
point of call
пункт выхода на связь
point of departure
пункт вылета
point of destination
пункт назначения
point of discontinuity
точка разрыва
point of intersection
точка пересечения
point of loading
пункт погрузки
point of no return
рубеж возврата
point of origin
пункт вылета
point of turn-around
рубеж разворота
point of unloading
пункт выгрузки
portion of a flight
отрезок полета
portion of a runway
участок ВПП
prevention of collisions
предотвращение столкновений
primary element of structure
основной элемент конструкции
prohibition of landing
запрещение посадки
prolongation of the rating
продление срока действия квалификационной отметки
promotion of safety
обеспечение безопасности полетов
proof of compliance
доказательство соответствия
propagation of sound
распространение шума
protection of evidence
сохранение вещественных доказательств
pull out of the spin
выводить из штопора
pull the aircraft out of
брать штурвал на себя
radar transfer of control
передача радиолокационного диспетчерского управления
radius of curvature
радиус кривизны
range of coverage
радиус действия
range of motion
диапазон отклонения
range of revolutions
диапазон оборотов
range of visibility
дальность видимости
range of vision
дальность обзора
rate of climb
скороподъемность
rate of closure
скорость сближения
rate of descent
скорость снижения
rate of disagreement
скорость рассогласования
rate of duty
скорость таможенной пошлины
rate of exchange
курс обмена валюты
rate of flaps motion
скорость отклонения закрылков
rate of growth
темп роста
rate of pitch
скорость по тангажу
rate of roll
скорость крена
rate of sideslip
скорость бокового скольжения
rate of trim
скорость балансировки
rate of turn
скорость разворота
rate of yaw
скорость рыскания
reception of telephony
прием телефонных сообщений
record of amendments
лист учета поправок
record of revisions
внесение поправок
regularity of operations
регулярность полетов
relay of messages
передача сообщений
release of control
передача управления
removal of aircraft
удаление воздушного судна
removal of limitations
отмена ограничений
replacement of parts
замена деталей
representative of a carrier
представитель перевозчика
reservation of a seat
бронирование места
retirement of aircraft
списание воздушного судна
right - of - entry
преимущественное право входа
roll out of the turn
выходить из разворота
rules of the air
правила полетов
safe handling of an aircraft
безопасное управление воздушным судном
second freedom of the air
вторая степень свободы воздуха
second type of occurence
второй тип события
selection of engine mode
выбор режима работы двигателя
sequence of fuel usage
очередность выработки топлива
(по группам баков) sequence of operation
последовательность выполнения операций
showers of rain and snow
ливневый дождь со снегом
simultaneous use of runways
одновременная эксплуатация нескольких ВПП
site of occurrence
место происшествия
slope of level
наклон кривой уровня
(шумов) source of danger
источник опасности
Standing Committee of Performance
Постоянный комитет по летно-техническим характеристикам
start of leveloff
начало выравнивания
start of takeoff
начало разбега при взлете
state of aircraft manufacture
государство - изготовитель воздушного судна
state of discharge
степень разряженности
(аккумулятора) state of emergency
аварийное состояние
state of occurence
государство места события
state of transit
государство транзита
steadiness of approach
устойчивость при заходе на посадку
steady rate of climb
установившаяся скорость набора высоты
structure of fronts
структура атмосферных фронтов
submission of a flight plan
представление плана полета
system of monitoring visual aids
система контроля за работой визуальных средств
(на аэродроме) system of units
система единиц
(измерения) table of cruising levels
таблица крейсерских эшелонов
table of intensity settings
таблица регулировки интенсивности
table of limits
таблица ограничений
table of tolerance
таблица допусков
take out of service
снимать с эксплуатации
target level of safety
заданный уровень безопасности полетов
temporary loss of control
временная потеря управляемости
termination of control
прекращение диспетчерского обслуживания
theory of flight
теория полета
time of lag
время запаздывания
time of origin
время отправления
titl of the gyro
завал гироскопа
top of climb
конечный участок набора высоты
transfer of control
передача диспетчерского управления
transmission of telephony
передача радиотелефонных сообщений
transmit on frequency of
вести передачу на частоте
triangle of velocities
треугольник скоростей
under any kind of engine failure
при любом отказе двигателя
uneven use of fuel
неравномерная выработка топлива
unit of measurement
единица измерения
velocity of sound
скорость звука
wall of overpressure
фронт избыточного давления
warn of danger
предупреждать об опасности
within the frame of
в пределах
working language of ICAO
рабочий язык ИКАО
zone of intersection
зона пересечения
zone of silence
зона молчания

English-Russian aviation dictionary > of
13 AC

1) Общая лексика: accommodative convergence, аккомодативная конвергенци

2) Компьютерная техника: Audio Coding

3) Биология: activator, aerobic capacity for work, антивоспалительный [противовоспалительный] кортикоид (сокр от antiphlogistic corticoid)

4) Авиация: управление высотой полёта (сокр от altitude control), aeroplane characteristics, analog common, руль высоты

5) Медицина: After Class, anticoagulant, abdominal circumference

6) Американизм: After The Cataclysm, Agency Characteristic, Animal Control

7) Французский язык: Академия хирургии (Франция) (Académie de Chirurgie = Academy of Surgery), платёж наличными, наличный расчёт (сокр от argent comptan = cash payment)

8) Спорт: Adventure Club, After Crowning

9) Латинский язык: до рождества Христова, до нашей эры, до р.Х. (уст), до н.э. (сокр от ante Christum = before Christ), перед едой (надпись на рецепте) (сокр от ante cibum = before meal)

10) Военный термин: Air Corps, Air Crew, All Clear, Allied Command, Allied Commander, Amphibious Command, Armor Class, Armour Class, Army Company, Army Component, Army Comptroller, Army Council, Army contract, Army corps, Artillery College, Atlantic Council, Attack City, Automation and Communications, active component, activity code, administrative company, admiral commanding, advanced course, air command, air commodore, air component, air controlman, air cooperation, aircraft carrier, aircraft commander, aircraftman, aircrewman, ambulance company, ammunition column, ammunition corporal, antiradar coating, antireflection coating, approach chart, armored car, armored carrier, armored cavalry, artillery controller, assigned contractor, assistant chief, auxiliary command, availability code, aviation cadet, Эй-Си (синильная кислота)

11) Техника: Appeal Court, Appropriation Committee, absolute code, abstract code, access cycle, account card, acid concentrator, acquisition cycle, address code, adjustment-calibration, administrative controls, admiralty coefficient, aerial current, allegations coordinator, alpha numeric character, analog circuit, analytical chemist, anticorrosive, asynchronous computer, attack center, attack console, attitude control system, audio center, autocollimator, automatic control, auxiliary console, average cost, azimuth comparator, адаптивное управление, переменное напряжение, устройство адаптивного управления

12) Сельское хозяйство: Acetic Acid

13) Шутливое выражение: Adriana Cool, Anal Catch

14) История: Атлантическая хартия (сокр от Atlantic Charter)

15) Химия: Active Count, Aromatic Carbon

16) Анатомия: корковое вещество надпочечной железы, кора надпочечника (сокр от adrenal cortex)

17) Математика: Assumption Context, The Art Clan, абсолютно непрерывный (absolutely continuous), аксиома выбора (axiom of choice), почти наверное (almost certain)

18) Религия: After Creation, Ante Christum, Anti Christ, Atlantic City, Ante Christum ("before Christ")

19) Юридический термин: Ambulance Chaser, Apellate Court, Appeal Cases, account current, administrative county, author's corrections, administrative case

20) Бухгалтерия: средняя себестоимость (average cost), средняя стоимость (average cost)

21) Австралийский сленг: кавалер Ордена Австралии (Companion of the Order of Australia)

22) Ветеринария: Alley Cat

23) Грубое выражение: Always Crap, Anal Cunt, Ass Crammer

24) Металлургия: arc cutting

25) Оптика: акрил (напр., акриловые линзы = acrylic lenses)

26) Политика: Antigua and Barbuda

27) Телекоммуникации: Always Connected, Area Code, Access Control (Token Ring, FDDI), Центр аутентификации

28) Сокращение: Absolute Ceiling, Advisory Circular, Aerodynamic Centre, Aerospace Corporation, Airborne Component, Airworthiness Committee, Altocumulus, Amphibious Corps, Amplitude Comparison, Analyst Console, Annual Conference, Ante Christum (before Christ), Area Coverage antenna, Armament Control, Assistant Commissioner, Athletic Club, Hydrogen Cyanide (Chemical warfare blood agent (also HCN)), actual count, aerodynamic center, aerospace chamber, after Christ, asbestos cement, кондиционер (air conditioner), Alternating Current (ac, see also DC), Ante Cibum (before meals), alternating component, current account, Arctic Circle (Северный полярный круг), automatic computer (автоматический вычислитель; автоматическая вычислительная машина, автоматический компьютер), anodal closing (анодное замыкание), Appellate Court (апелляционный суд), aeroclub (аэроклуб), armored cable (бронированный кабель), alphabetic character (буквенно-алфавитный символ), account control (бухгалтерский надзор), air compressor (воздушный компрессор), aligned continuous (FRP) (волокнит с параллельным расположением непрерывных армирующих волокон), Atlanta Constitution (газета «Атланта конститьюшн» (США)), angling club (клуб рыболовного спорта), adjacent channel (соседний канал), accelerator (ускоритель; акселератор; дроссельная заслонка), cyanic acid (циановая [синильная, синеродистая] кислота)

29) Театр: Art Center

30) Университет: Academic Community, Advanced Credit

31) Физиология: Abstinence Committed, Acute, Ante Cibum - before meals, Assist-Control (a form of mechanical ventilation)

32) Электроника: Activated carbon, Advanced Control, Amplifier Combination, Audio Code, Autonomous Control, устройство для защиты от местных помех (сокр от anti-clutter)

33) Вычислительная техника: access class, аккумулятор, Access Concentrator (PPPoE, ADSL), Access Control (Token Ring), Alternating Current (ac, see also), Ante Christum (before Christ)

34) Нефть: current

35) Иммунология: Anticoagulation Clinic

36) Онкология: After Chemo

37) Связь: Access Controller (WLAN)

38) Космонавтика: акустический центр

39) Банковское дело: помощник кассира (банковская должность; assistant cashier), текущий банковский счёт (account current), текущий счёт

40) Биотехнология: Adhesion complex

41) Транспорт: Air Conditioner, Air Controller, Air Cooling, Airframe Change, Alcohol Concentration, All Conditions, Asphalt Concrete, Atlantic Crossing, Auto Carrier

42) Силикатное производство: alumina cement

43) Радиолокация: коммутирование антенны (сокр от antenna commutation)

44) Фирменный знак: AVX Corporation, Air Canada, Allis Chalmers, Andersen Consulting, Arctic Cat

45) СМИ: Action Center, Asheron's Call

46) Деловая лексика: Activity Center, Advisory Council

47) Бурение: Остин (Austin chalk), остинский мел (Austin chalk; группа верхнего отдела меловой системы)

48) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: alternating current, Advisory Committee

49) Образование: Applied Communication, Area Consultant

50) Таможенная деятельность: Appraising Officer

51) Инвестиции: assistant cashier

52) Сетевые технологии: access control

53) Полимеры: aircooled, ally chloride, asbestos cloth, azodicarbonamide

54) Программирование: Alternate Character

55) Автоматика: above center, adaptive control, application control

56) Ядерная физика: Ammonium Citrate, Anti-Coincidence Counters, накопитель антипротонов (сокр от antiproton collector)

57) Контроль качества: associate contractor

58) Сахалин Ю: advance capital

59) Химическое оружие: adapter cradle, alternate current, hydrogen cyanide

60) Военно-морской флот: пульт управления атакой (на корабле) (сокр от), инерционный размыкатель мины (сокр от anticountermining device), броненосный крейсер (сокр от armored cruiser), главный командный пункт, ГКП (корабля) (сокр от attack center), пост атаки (подводной лодки)

61) Расширение файла: Autocheck, Automatic Computer, Spooled plot file (AutoCAD AutoSpool)

62) Военно-политический термин: Alliance Committee

63) Карачаганак: BHC Acoustic Log (Baker Atlas tool)

64) Судостроение: адмиралтейский коэффициент (в приближённых расчётах) (сокр от admiralty coefficient)

65) Электротехника: accuracy check, automatic checkout

66) Имена и фамилии: Alan Cox, Albert Champion, Alvin Crawford

67) ООН: Armed Constabulary

68) Общественная организация: Archaeological Conservancy

69) Должность: Academic Counsellor, Analyst Certification, Applied Communications, Area Coordinator, Assistant Camera

70) Чат: Anonymous Coward

71) Правительство: Arizona And California

72) NYSE. Alliance Capital Management Holdings, L P

73) Программное обеспечение: Aerodynamic Code, Apache Configurator, Application Context

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > AC
14 Ac

1) Общая лексика: accommodative convergence, аккомодативная конвергенци

2) Компьютерная техника: Audio Coding

3) Биология: activator, aerobic capacity for work, антивоспалительный [противовоспалительный] кортикоид (сокр от antiphlogistic corticoid)

4) Авиация: управление высотой полёта (сокр от altitude control), aeroplane characteristics, analog common, руль высоты

5) Медицина: After Class, anticoagulant, abdominal circumference

6) Американизм: After The Cataclysm, Agency Characteristic, Animal Control

7) Французский язык: Академия хирургии (Франция) (Académie de Chirurgie = Academy of Surgery), платёж наличными, наличный расчёт (сокр от argent comptan = cash payment)

8) Спорт: Adventure Club, After Crowning

9) Латинский язык: до рождества Христова, до нашей эры, до р.Х. (уст), до н.э. (сокр от ante Christum = before Christ), перед едой (надпись на рецепте) (сокр от ante cibum = before meal)

10) Военный термин: Air Corps, Air Crew, All Clear, Allied Command, Allied Commander, Amphibious Command, Armor Class, Armour Class, Army Company, Army Component, Army Comptroller, Army Council, Army contract, Army corps, Artillery College, Atlantic Council, Attack City, Automation and Communications, active component, activity code, administrative company, admiral commanding, advanced course, air command, air commodore, air component, air controlman, air cooperation, aircraft carrier, aircraft commander, aircraftman, aircrewman, ambulance company, ammunition column, ammunition corporal, antiradar coating, antireflection coating, approach chart, armored car, armored carrier, armored cavalry, artillery controller, assigned contractor, assistant chief, auxiliary command, availability code, aviation cadet, Эй-Си (синильная кислота)

11) Техника: Appeal Court, Appropriation Committee, absolute code, abstract code, access cycle, account card, acid concentrator, acquisition cycle, address code, adjustment-calibration, administrative controls, admiralty coefficient, aerial current, allegations coordinator, alpha numeric character, analog circuit, analytical chemist, anticorrosive, asynchronous computer, attack center, attack console, attitude control system, audio center, autocollimator, automatic control, auxiliary console, average cost, azimuth comparator, адаптивное управление, переменное напряжение, устройство адаптивного управления

12) Сельское хозяйство: Acetic Acid

13) Шутливое выражение: Adriana Cool, Anal Catch

14) История: Атлантическая хартия (сокр от Atlantic Charter)

15) Химия: Active Count, Aromatic Carbon

16) Анатомия: корковое вещество надпочечной железы, кора надпочечника (сокр от adrenal cortex)

17) Математика: Assumption Context, The Art Clan, абсолютно непрерывный (absolutely continuous), аксиома выбора (axiom of choice), почти наверное (almost certain)

18) Религия: After Creation, Ante Christum, Anti Christ, Atlantic City, Ante Christum ("before Christ")

19) Юридический термин: Ambulance Chaser, Apellate Court, Appeal Cases, account current, administrative county, author's corrections, administrative case

20) Бухгалтерия: средняя себестоимость (average cost), средняя стоимость (average cost)

21) Австралийский сленг: кавалер Ордена Австралии (Companion of the Order of Australia)

22) Ветеринария: Alley Cat

23) Грубое выражение: Always Crap, Anal Cunt, Ass Crammer

24) Металлургия: arc cutting

25) Оптика: акрил (напр., акриловые линзы = acrylic lenses)

26) Политика: Antigua and Barbuda

27) Телекоммуникации: Always Connected, Area Code, Access Control (Token Ring, FDDI), Центр аутентификации

28) Сокращение: Absolute Ceiling, Advisory Circular, Aerodynamic Centre, Aerospace Corporation, Airborne Component, Airworthiness Committee, Altocumulus, Amphibious Corps, Amplitude Comparison, Analyst Console, Annual Conference, Ante Christum (before Christ), Area Coverage antenna, Armament Control, Assistant Commissioner, Athletic Club, Hydrogen Cyanide (Chemical warfare blood agent (also HCN)), actual count, aerodynamic center, aerospace chamber, after Christ, asbestos cement, кондиционер (air conditioner), Alternating Current (ac, see also DC), Ante Cibum (before meals), alternating component, current account, Arctic Circle (Северный полярный круг), automatic computer (автоматический вычислитель; автоматическая вычислительная машина, автоматический компьютер), anodal closing (анодное замыкание), Appellate Court (апелляционный суд), aeroclub (аэроклуб), armored cable (бронированный кабель), alphabetic character (буквенно-алфавитный символ), account control (бухгалтерский надзор), air compressor (воздушный компрессор), aligned continuous (FRP) (волокнит с параллельным расположением непрерывных армирующих волокон), Atlanta Constitution (газета «Атланта конститьюшн» (США)), angling club (клуб рыболовного спорта), adjacent channel (соседний канал), accelerator (ускоритель; акселератор; дроссельная заслонка), cyanic acid (циановая [синильная, синеродистая] кислота)

29) Театр: Art Center

30) Университет: Academic Community, Advanced Credit

31) Физиология: Abstinence Committed, Acute, Ante Cibum - before meals, Assist-Control (a form of mechanical ventilation)

32) Электроника: Activated carbon, Advanced Control, Amplifier Combination, Audio Code, Autonomous Control, устройство для защиты от местных помех (сокр от anti-clutter)

33) Вычислительная техника: access class, аккумулятор, Access Concentrator (PPPoE, ADSL), Access Control (Token Ring), Alternating Current (ac, see also), Ante Christum (before Christ)

34) Нефть: current

35) Иммунология: Anticoagulation Clinic

36) Онкология: After Chemo

37) Связь: Access Controller (WLAN)

38) Космонавтика: акустический центр

39) Банковское дело: помощник кассира (банковская должность; assistant cashier), текущий банковский счёт (account current), текущий счёт

40) Биотехнология: Adhesion complex

41) Транспорт: Air Conditioner, Air Controller, Air Cooling, Airframe Change, Alcohol Concentration, All Conditions, Asphalt Concrete, Atlantic Crossing, Auto Carrier

42) Силикатное производство: alumina cement

43) Радиолокация: коммутирование антенны (сокр от antenna commutation)

44) Фирменный знак: AVX Corporation, Air Canada, Allis Chalmers, Andersen Consulting, Arctic Cat

45) СМИ: Action Center, Asheron's Call

46) Деловая лексика: Activity Center, Advisory Council

47) Бурение: Остин (Austin chalk), остинский мел (Austin chalk; группа верхнего отдела меловой системы)

48) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: alternating current, Advisory Committee

49) Образование: Applied Communication, Area Consultant

50) Таможенная деятельность: Appraising Officer

51) Инвестиции: assistant cashier

52) Сетевые технологии: access control

53) Полимеры: aircooled, ally chloride, asbestos cloth, azodicarbonamide

54) Программирование: Alternate Character

55) Автоматика: above center, adaptive control, application control

56) Ядерная физика: Ammonium Citrate, Anti-Coincidence Counters, накопитель антипротонов (сокр от antiproton collector)

57) Контроль качества: associate contractor

58) Сахалин Ю: advance capital

59) Химическое оружие: adapter cradle, alternate current, hydrogen cyanide

60) Военно-морской флот: пульт управления атакой (на корабле) (сокр от), инерционный размыкатель мины (сокр от anticountermining device), броненосный крейсер (сокр от armored cruiser), главный командный пункт, ГКП (корабля) (сокр от attack center), пост атаки (подводной лодки)

61) Расширение файла: Autocheck, Automatic Computer, Spooled plot file (AutoCAD AutoSpool)

62) Военно-политический термин: Alliance Committee

63) Карачаганак: BHC Acoustic Log (Baker Atlas tool)

64) Судостроение: адмиралтейский коэффициент (в приближённых расчётах) (сокр от admiralty coefficient)

65) Электротехника: accuracy check, automatic checkout

66) Имена и фамилии: Alan Cox, Albert Champion, Alvin Crawford

67) ООН: Armed Constabulary

68) Общественная организация: Archaeological Conservancy

69) Должность: Academic Counsellor, Analyst Certification, Applied Communications, Area Coordinator, Assistant Camera

70) Чат: Anonymous Coward

71) Правительство: Arizona And California

72) NYSE. Alliance Capital Management Holdings, L P

73) Программное обеспечение: Aerodynamic Code, Apache Configurator, Application Context

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Ac
15 aC

1) Общая лексика: accommodative convergence, аккомодативная конвергенци

2) Компьютерная техника: Audio Coding

3) Биология: activator, aerobic capacity for work, антивоспалительный [противовоспалительный] кортикоид (сокр от antiphlogistic corticoid)

4) Авиация: управление высотой полёта (сокр от altitude control), aeroplane characteristics, analog common, руль высоты

5) Медицина: After Class, anticoagulant, abdominal circumference

6) Американизм: After The Cataclysm, Agency Characteristic, Animal Control

7) Французский язык: Академия хирургии (Франция) (Académie de Chirurgie = Academy of Surgery), платёж наличными, наличный расчёт (сокр от argent comptan = cash payment)

8) Спорт: Adventure Club, After Crowning

9) Латинский язык: до рождества Христова, до нашей эры, до р.Х. (уст), до н.э. (сокр от ante Christum = before Christ), перед едой (надпись на рецепте) (сокр от ante cibum = before meal)

10) Военный термин: Air Corps, Air Crew, All Clear, Allied Command, Allied Commander, Amphibious Command, Armor Class, Armour Class, Army Company, Army Component, Army Comptroller, Army Council, Army contract, Army corps, Artillery College, Atlantic Council, Attack City, Automation and Communications, active component, activity code, administrative company, admiral commanding, advanced course, air command, air commodore, air component, air controlman, air cooperation, aircraft carrier, aircraft commander, aircraftman, aircrewman, ambulance company, ammunition column, ammunition corporal, antiradar coating, antireflection coating, approach chart, armored car, armored carrier, armored cavalry, artillery controller, assigned contractor, assistant chief, auxiliary command, availability code, aviation cadet, Эй-Си (синильная кислота)

11) Техника: Appeal Court, Appropriation Committee, absolute code, abstract code, access cycle, account card, acid concentrator, acquisition cycle, address code, adjustment-calibration, administrative controls, admiralty coefficient, aerial current, allegations coordinator, alpha numeric character, analog circuit, analytical chemist, anticorrosive, asynchronous computer, attack center, attack console, attitude control system, audio center, autocollimator, automatic control, auxiliary console, average cost, azimuth comparator, адаптивное управление, переменное напряжение, устройство адаптивного управления

12) Сельское хозяйство: Acetic Acid

13) Шутливое выражение: Adriana Cool, Anal Catch

14) История: Атлантическая хартия (сокр от Atlantic Charter)

15) Химия: Active Count, Aromatic Carbon

16) Анатомия: корковое вещество надпочечной железы, кора надпочечника (сокр от adrenal cortex)

17) Математика: Assumption Context, The Art Clan, абсолютно непрерывный (absolutely continuous), аксиома выбора (axiom of choice), почти наверное (almost certain)

18) Религия: After Creation, Ante Christum, Anti Christ, Atlantic City, Ante Christum ("before Christ")

19) Юридический термин: Ambulance Chaser, Apellate Court, Appeal Cases, account current, administrative county, author's corrections, administrative case

20) Бухгалтерия: средняя себестоимость (average cost), средняя стоимость (average cost)

21) Австралийский сленг: кавалер Ордена Австралии (Companion of the Order of Australia)

22) Ветеринария: Alley Cat

23) Грубое выражение: Always Crap, Anal Cunt, Ass Crammer

24) Металлургия: arc cutting

25) Оптика: акрил (напр., акриловые линзы = acrylic lenses)

26) Политика: Antigua and Barbuda

27) Телекоммуникации: Always Connected, Area Code, Access Control (Token Ring, FDDI), Центр аутентификации

28) Сокращение: Absolute Ceiling, Advisory Circular, Aerodynamic Centre, Aerospace Corporation, Airborne Component, Airworthiness Committee, Altocumulus, Amphibious Corps, Amplitude Comparison, Analyst Console, Annual Conference, Ante Christum (before Christ), Area Coverage antenna, Armament Control, Assistant Commissioner, Athletic Club, Hydrogen Cyanide (Chemical warfare blood agent (also HCN)), actual count, aerodynamic center, aerospace chamber, after Christ, asbestos cement, кондиционер (air conditioner), Alternating Current (ac, see also DC), Ante Cibum (before meals), alternating component, current account, Arctic Circle (Северный полярный круг), automatic computer (автоматический вычислитель; автоматическая вычислительная машина, автоматический компьютер), anodal closing (анодное замыкание), Appellate Court (апелляционный суд), aeroclub (аэроклуб), armored cable (бронированный кабель), alphabetic character (буквенно-алфавитный символ), account control (бухгалтерский надзор), air compressor (воздушный компрессор), aligned continuous (FRP) (волокнит с параллельным расположением непрерывных армирующих волокон), Atlanta Constitution (газета «Атланта конститьюшн» (США)), angling club (клуб рыболовного спорта), adjacent channel (соседний канал), accelerator (ускоритель; акселератор; дроссельная заслонка), cyanic acid (циановая [синильная, синеродистая] кислота)

29) Театр: Art Center

30) Университет: Academic Community, Advanced Credit

31) Физиология: Abstinence Committed, Acute, Ante Cibum - before meals, Assist-Control (a form of mechanical ventilation)

32) Электроника: Activated carbon, Advanced Control, Amplifier Combination, Audio Code, Autonomous Control, устройство для защиты от местных помех (сокр от anti-clutter)

33) Вычислительная техника: access class, аккумулятор, Access Concentrator (PPPoE, ADSL), Access Control (Token Ring), Alternating Current (ac, see also), Ante Christum (before Christ)

34) Нефть: current

35) Иммунология: Anticoagulation Clinic

36) Онкология: After Chemo

37) Связь: Access Controller (WLAN)

38) Космонавтика: акустический центр

39) Банковское дело: помощник кассира (банковская должность; assistant cashier), текущий банковский счёт (account current), текущий счёт

40) Биотехнология: Adhesion complex

41) Транспорт: Air Conditioner, Air Controller, Air Cooling, Airframe Change, Alcohol Concentration, All Conditions, Asphalt Concrete, Atlantic Crossing, Auto Carrier

42) Силикатное производство: alumina cement

43) Радиолокация: коммутирование антенны (сокр от antenna commutation)

44) Фирменный знак: AVX Corporation, Air Canada, Allis Chalmers, Andersen Consulting, Arctic Cat

45) СМИ: Action Center, Asheron's Call

46) Деловая лексика: Activity Center, Advisory Council

47) Бурение: Остин (Austin chalk), остинский мел (Austin chalk; группа верхнего отдела меловой системы)

48) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: alternating current, Advisory Committee

49) Образование: Applied Communication, Area Consultant

50) Таможенная деятельность: Appraising Officer

51) Инвестиции: assistant cashier

52) Сетевые технологии: access control

53) Полимеры: aircooled, ally chloride, asbestos cloth, azodicarbonamide

54) Программирование: Alternate Character

55) Автоматика: above center, adaptive control, application control

56) Ядерная физика: Ammonium Citrate, Anti-Coincidence Counters, накопитель антипротонов (сокр от antiproton collector)

57) Контроль качества: associate contractor

58) Сахалин Ю: advance capital

59) Химическое оружие: adapter cradle, alternate current, hydrogen cyanide

60) Военно-морской флот: пульт управления атакой (на корабле) (сокр от), инерционный размыкатель мины (сокр от anticountermining device), броненосный крейсер (сокр от armored cruiser), главный командный пункт, ГКП (корабля) (сокр от attack center), пост атаки (подводной лодки)

61) Расширение файла: Autocheck, Automatic Computer, Spooled plot file (AutoCAD AutoSpool)

62) Военно-политический термин: Alliance Committee

63) Карачаганак: BHC Acoustic Log (Baker Atlas tool)

64) Судостроение: адмиралтейский коэффициент (в приближённых расчётах) (сокр от admiralty coefficient)

65) Электротехника: accuracy check, automatic checkout

66) Имена и фамилии: Alan Cox, Albert Champion, Alvin Crawford

67) ООН: Armed Constabulary

68) Общественная организация: Archaeological Conservancy

69) Должность: Academic Counsellor, Analyst Certification, Applied Communications, Area Coordinator, Assistant Camera

70) Чат: Anonymous Coward

71) Правительство: Arizona And California

72) NYSE. Alliance Capital Management Holdings, L P

73) Программное обеспечение: Aerodynamic Code, Apache Configurator, Application Context

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > aC
16 ac

1) Общая лексика: accommodative convergence, аккомодативная конвергенци

2) Компьютерная техника: Audio Coding

3) Биология: activator, aerobic capacity for work, антивоспалительный [противовоспалительный] кортикоид (сокр от antiphlogistic corticoid)

4) Авиация: управление высотой полёта (сокр от altitude control), aeroplane characteristics, analog common, руль высоты

5) Медицина: After Class, anticoagulant, abdominal circumference

6) Американизм: After The Cataclysm, Agency Characteristic, Animal Control

7) Французский язык: Академия хирургии (Франция) (Académie de Chirurgie = Academy of Surgery), платёж наличными, наличный расчёт (сокр от argent comptan = cash payment)

8) Спорт: Adventure Club, After Crowning

9) Латинский язык: до рождества Христова, до нашей эры, до р.Х. (уст), до н.э. (сокр от ante Christum = before Christ), перед едой (надпись на рецепте) (сокр от ante cibum = before meal)

10) Военный термин: Air Corps, Air Crew, All Clear, Allied Command, Allied Commander, Amphibious Command, Armor Class, Armour Class, Army Company, Army Component, Army Comptroller, Army Council, Army contract, Army corps, Artillery College, Atlantic Council, Attack City, Automation and Communications, active component, activity code, administrative company, admiral commanding, advanced course, air command, air commodore, air component, air controlman, air cooperation, aircraft carrier, aircraft commander, aircraftman, aircrewman, ambulance company, ammunition column, ammunition corporal, antiradar coating, antireflection coating, approach chart, armored car, armored carrier, armored cavalry, artillery controller, assigned contractor, assistant chief, auxiliary command, availability code, aviation cadet, Эй-Си (синильная кислота)

11) Техника: Appeal Court, Appropriation Committee, absolute code, abstract code, access cycle, account card, acid concentrator, acquisition cycle, address code, adjustment-calibration, administrative controls, admiralty coefficient, aerial current, allegations coordinator, alpha numeric character, analog circuit, analytical chemist, anticorrosive, asynchronous computer, attack center, attack console, attitude control system, audio center, autocollimator, automatic control, auxiliary console, average cost, azimuth comparator, адаптивное управление, переменное напряжение, устройство адаптивного управления

12) Сельское хозяйство: Acetic Acid

13) Шутливое выражение: Adriana Cool, Anal Catch

14) История: Атлантическая хартия (сокр от Atlantic Charter)

15) Химия: Active Count, Aromatic Carbon

16) Анатомия: корковое вещество надпочечной железы, кора надпочечника (сокр от adrenal cortex)

17) Математика: Assumption Context, The Art Clan, абсолютно непрерывный (absolutely continuous), аксиома выбора (axiom of choice), почти наверное (almost certain)

18) Религия: After Creation, Ante Christum, Anti Christ, Atlantic City, Ante Christum ("before Christ")

19) Юридический термин: Ambulance Chaser, Apellate Court, Appeal Cases, account current, administrative county, author's corrections, administrative case

20) Бухгалтерия: средняя себестоимость (average cost), средняя стоимость (average cost)

21) Австралийский сленг: кавалер Ордена Австралии (Companion of the Order of Australia)

22) Ветеринария: Alley Cat

23) Грубое выражение: Always Crap, Anal Cunt, Ass Crammer

24) Металлургия: arc cutting

25) Оптика: акрил (напр., акриловые линзы = acrylic lenses)

26) Политика: Antigua and Barbuda

27) Телекоммуникации: Always Connected, Area Code, Access Control (Token Ring, FDDI), Центр аутентификации

28) Сокращение: Absolute Ceiling, Advisory Circular, Aerodynamic Centre, Aerospace Corporation, Airborne Component, Airworthiness Committee, Altocumulus, Amphibious Corps, Amplitude Comparison, Analyst Console, Annual Conference, Ante Christum (before Christ), Area Coverage antenna, Armament Control, Assistant Commissioner, Athletic Club, Hydrogen Cyanide (Chemical warfare blood agent (also HCN)), actual count, aerodynamic center, aerospace chamber, after Christ, asbestos cement, кондиционер (air conditioner), Alternating Current (ac, see also DC), Ante Cibum (before meals), alternating component, current account, Arctic Circle (Северный полярный круг), automatic computer (автоматический вычислитель; автоматическая вычислительная машина, автоматический компьютер), anodal closing (анодное замыкание), Appellate Court (апелляционный суд), aeroclub (аэроклуб), armored cable (бронированный кабель), alphabetic character (буквенно-алфавитный символ), account control (бухгалтерский надзор), air compressor (воздушный компрессор), aligned continuous (FRP) (волокнит с параллельным расположением непрерывных армирующих волокон), Atlanta Constitution (газета «Атланта конститьюшн» (США)), angling club (клуб рыболовного спорта), adjacent channel (соседний канал), accelerator (ускоритель; акселератор; дроссельная заслонка), cyanic acid (циановая [синильная, синеродистая] кислота)

29) Театр: Art Center

30) Университет: Academic Community, Advanced Credit

31) Физиология: Abstinence Committed, Acute, Ante Cibum - before meals, Assist-Control (a form of mechanical ventilation)

32) Электроника: Activated carbon, Advanced Control, Amplifier Combination, Audio Code, Autonomous Control, устройство для защиты от местных помех (сокр от anti-clutter)

33) Вычислительная техника: access class, аккумулятор, Access Concentrator (PPPoE, ADSL), Access Control (Token Ring), Alternating Current (ac, see also), Ante Christum (before Christ)

34) Нефть: current

35) Иммунология: Anticoagulation Clinic

36) Онкология: After Chemo

37) Связь: Access Controller (WLAN)

38) Космонавтика: акустический центр

39) Банковское дело: помощник кассира (банковская должность; assistant cashier), текущий банковский счёт (account current), текущий счёт

40) Биотехнология: Adhesion complex

41) Транспорт: Air Conditioner, Air Controller, Air Cooling, Airframe Change, Alcohol Concentration, All Conditions, Asphalt Concrete, Atlantic Crossing, Auto Carrier

42) Силикатное производство: alumina cement

43) Радиолокация: коммутирование антенны (сокр от antenna commutation)

44) Фирменный знак: AVX Corporation, Air Canada, Allis Chalmers, Andersen Consulting, Arctic Cat

45) СМИ: Action Center, Asheron's Call

46) Деловая лексика: Activity Center, Advisory Council

47) Бурение: Остин (Austin chalk), остинский мел (Austin chalk; группа верхнего отдела меловой системы)

48) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: alternating current, Advisory Committee

49) Образование: Applied Communication, Area Consultant

50) Таможенная деятельность: Appraising Officer

51) Инвестиции: assistant cashier

52) Сетевые технологии: access control

53) Полимеры: aircooled, ally chloride, asbestos cloth, azodicarbonamide

54) Программирование: Alternate Character

55) Автоматика: above center, adaptive control, application control

56) Ядерная физика: Ammonium Citrate, Anti-Coincidence Counters, накопитель антипротонов (сокр от antiproton collector)

57) Контроль качества: associate contractor

58) Сахалин Ю: advance capital

59) Химическое оружие: adapter cradle, alternate current, hydrogen cyanide

60) Военно-морской флот: пульт управления атакой (на корабле) (сокр от), инерционный размыкатель мины (сокр от anticountermining device), броненосный крейсер (сокр от armored cruiser), главный командный пункт, ГКП (корабля) (сокр от attack center), пост атаки (подводной лодки)

61) Расширение файла: Autocheck, Automatic Computer, Spooled plot file (AutoCAD AutoSpool)

62) Военно-политический термин: Alliance Committee

63) Карачаганак: BHC Acoustic Log (Baker Atlas tool)

64) Судостроение: адмиралтейский коэффициент (в приближённых расчётах) (сокр от admiralty coefficient)

65) Электротехника: accuracy check, automatic checkout

66) Имена и фамилии: Alan Cox, Albert Champion, Alvin Crawford

67) ООН: Armed Constabulary

68) Общественная организация: Archaeological Conservancy

69) Должность: Academic Counsellor, Analyst Certification, Applied Communications, Area Coordinator, Assistant Camera

70) Чат: Anonymous Coward

71) Правительство: Arizona And California

72) NYSE. Alliance Capital Management Holdings, L P

73) Программное обеспечение: Aerodynamic Code, Apache Configurator, Application Context

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > ac
17 CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE

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   ■ Castro, Francisco Lyon de, ed. História da literatura portuguesa, 7 vols. Lisbon: Alfa, 2001-02.

   ■ Cidade, Hernani. Lições de Cultura e Literatura Portuguesa, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1960-62.

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   ■ TRAVEL AND TOURIST GUIDES ON PORTUGAL

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   ■. Algarve: A Portrait and Guide. New York: Scribners, 1973.

   ■ HISTORY OF PORTUGAL Ancient and Medieval (2000 BCE-1415 CE)

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   ■ World War II and Portugal

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   ■ Fralon, Jose-Alain. A Good Man in Evil Times. The Story of Aristides De Sousa Mendes: The Man Who Saved the Lives of Countless Refugees in World War II. New York: Carroll & Graf, 2001.

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   ■ Nery, Julia. O Consul. Lisbon: Dom Quixote, 1991.

   ■ Pimentel, Irene Flunser. Judeus em Portugal na Segunda Guerra Mundial. Lisbon, 2006.

   ■ Popov, Dusko. Spy/ Counterspy. London, 1974.

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   ■ Rosas, Fernando. Portugal entre a Paz e a Guerra. Lisbon: Estampa, 1990.

   ■ Saint-Exupery, Antoine. Wartime Writings, 1939-1944. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1986.

   ■ Teixeira, Nuno Severiano, ed. Portugal E A Guerra. Historia das Intervencoes militares portuguesas nos grandes conflitos mundiais seculos XIX e XX. Lisbon: Colibri, 1998.

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   ■. "'In the Service of Order.' The Portuguese Political Police and the British, Germany and Spanish Intelligence [Services]." Journal of Contemporary History 36: no. 3 (Jan. 1983), 1-25.

   ■. "And Who is My Neighbor? A World War II Hero of Conscience for Portugal." Luso-Brazilian Review 23 (no. 2) (Summer 1989), 119-39.

   ■. "The Price of Neutrality: Portugal, the Wolfram Question, and World War II." Luso-Brazilian Review (Madison, WI), 23 (nos.1, 2) (Summer, 1986; Winter, 1986). 97-111; 108-127.

   ■. "Last of the Great Air Mysteries of the War [World War II]." Bridport and Lyme Regis Gazette (Dorset, U.K.), June 5, 2003, 24-25.

   ■. "Leslie Howard Helped Win World War II," St. Louis Post-Dispatch (St. Louis, Mo.), April 3, 5, 2005.

   ■ Wilson, Robert. A Small Death in Lisbon. London, 2000.

   ■. The Company Of Strangers. San Diego, 2002.

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   ■ The Military

   ■ Ferreira Martins, General. Historia do Exercito Portugues. Lisbon: Inquerito, 1945.

   ■ Kaulza de Arriaga, General. Guerra e Politica. Em nome da verdade. Os anos decisivos. Lisbon: Referendo, 1987.

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   ■ Pereira Marques, Fernando. Exercito e Sociedade em Portugal. No Declinio do Antigo Regime e advento do Liberalismo. Lisbon: Regra do Jogo, 1981.

   ■ Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution. London: Croom Helm, 1977.

   ■ Ribeiro Dos Santos, Antonio Pedro. O Estado E A Order Publica. As Institui-coes Militares Portuguesas. Lisbon: Instituto Superior De Ciencias Sociais E Politicas, 1999.

   ■ Saraiva de Carvalho, Otelo. Alvorada em Abril. Amadora (Portugal): Bertrand, 1977.

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   ■ Spinola, Antonio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon: Arcadia, 1974.

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   ■ Valente, Vasco Pulido. O Poder e o Povo. A Revolucao de 1910. Lisbon: Moraes, 1976, 1982.

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   ■ Government and Politics since 1974

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   ■ Bruneau, Thomas C., and Alex Macleod. Politics in Contemporary Portugal: Parties and the Consolidation of Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1986.

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   ■ Cruzeiro, Maria Manuela. Costa Gomes-o Ultimo Marechal. Lisbon: Edit. Noticias, 1998.

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   ■ Opello, Walter C., Jr. "The New Parliament in Portugal." Legislative Studies Quarterly, 3 (May 1978): 309-334.

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   ■. O Segredo do 25 de Novembro. Mem Martins, 1983.

   ■ Arouca, Manuel. Os Filhos Da Costa Do Sol. Mem Martins, 1989. Audibert, Pierre, and Daniel Brignon. Portugal: Les nouveaux centurions. Paris, 1974.

   ■ Baptista, Jacinto. Caminhos para uma revolução. Lisbon, 1975. Barreto, Antônio. Memórias da Reforma Agrária. Mem Martins: Europa-Amé-rica, 1983.

   ■, and C. V. Preto, eds. A Situação Social em Portugal, 1960-1996. Lisbon: Instituto de Ciências Sociais, 1996.

   ■ Bermeo, Nancy Gina. "Worker Management in Industry: Reconciling Representative Government and Industrial Democracy in a Polarized Society." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 181-98. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. The Revolution within the Revolution: Workers' Control in Rural Portugal. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986.

   ■ Braeckman, Colette. Portugal: Revolution surveilée. Brussels: Rossei, 1975.

   ■ Braga da Cruz, Manuel. "O Presidente da República na génese e evolução do sistema de governor portugües." Análise social XXIX, 125-26 (1994): 237-65.

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   ■ Carvalho, Ortelo Saraiva de. Cinco Meses Mudaram Portugal. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. Alvorada em Abril. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Cid, Augusto. PREC-Processo Revolucionário Eventualmente Chocante. Viseu, 1977.

   ■ Costa Lobo, Marina, and Pedro C. Magalhaes. "From 'Third Wave' to 'Third Way': Europe and the Portuguese Socialists (1975-1999)," Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans 3, no. 1 (2001), 25-35.

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   ■, and Nuno Severiano Teixeira, eds. Southern Europe and the Making of the European Union. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 2002.

   ■ Cunhal, Alvaro. A Revolução Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Dias, Eduardo Mayone. Portugal's Secret Jews: The End of an Era. Rumford, R.I.: Peregrinação Publications, 1999.

   ■ Downs, Charles. "Comissões de Moradores and Urban Struggles in Revolutionary Portugal." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 4 (1986): 267-94.

   ■. Revolution at the Grassroots: Community Organizations in the Portuguese Revolution. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989.

   ■ Dufour, Jean-Marc. Prague sur Tage. Paris, 1975.

   ■ Durão Barroso, José. Le systémepolitiqueportugais face à l'intégration euro-péenne. Lisbon, 1983.

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   ■. Sozialistischer Pluralismus in Europa: Ansãtze und Scheitern am Beispiel Portugal. Cologne: Verlag Wissenchaft ünd Politik, 1985.

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   ■. "An Introduction to Southern European Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain and Turkey." In G. O'Donnell,

   ■ P. C. Schmitter, and L. Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, 3-10. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

   ■ Silva, Fernando Dioga da. "Uma Administração Envelhecido." Revista da Ad-ministraçao Pública 2 (Oct.-Dec. 1979).

   ■ Simões, Martinho, ed. Relatório Do 25 De Novembro: Texto Integral, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Soares, Isabel, ed. Mário Soares: O homem e o político. Lisbon, 1976. Soares, Mário. Democratização e Descolonização: Dez meses no Governo Provisório. Lisbon, 1975. Sobel, Lester A., ed. Portuguese Revolution, 1974-1976. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1976.

   ■ Spínola, Antônio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. País Sem Rumo: Contributo para a História de uma Revolução. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Stock, Maria José. Os Partidos do Poder: Dez Anos Depois do " 25 De Abril." Evora, 1986.

   ■ Story, Jonathan. "Portugal's Revolution of Carnations: Patterns of Change and Continuity." International Affairs 52 (July 1976): 417-34. Sweezey, Paul. "Class Struggles in Portugal." Monthly Review 27, 4 (Sept. 1975): 1-26.

   ■ Szulc, Tad. "Lisbon and Washington: Behind Portugal's Revolution." Foreign Policy 21 (Winter 1975-76): 3-62. Tavares de Almeida, Antônio. Balsemão: O retrato. Lisbon, 1981. "Vasco." Desenhos Políticos. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Vasconcelos, Alvaro. "Portugal in Atlantic-Mediterranean Security." In Douglas T. Stuart, ed., Politics and Security in the Southern Region of the Atlantic Alliance, 117-36. London: Macmillan, 1988.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "Golpes militares e golpes literários. A literatura do golpe de 25 de Abril de 1974 em contexto histôrico." Penélope. Fazer E Desfazer A História, 19-20 (1998): 191-212.

   ■. "Tributo ao Historiador dos Historiadores. Memorias de A.H.de Oliveira Marques (1933-2007)," Historia XXIX, 95, III series (March 2007), 18-22.

   ■ Wiarda, Howard J. Transcending Corporatism? The Portuguese Corporative System and the Revolution of 1974. Columbia: Institute of International Studies, University of South Carolina, 1976.

   ■. The Transition to Democracy in Spain and Portugal. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1989. Wise, Audrey. Eyewitness in Revolutionary Portugal. With a Preface by Judith Hart, MP. London: Spokesman, 1975.

   ■ PHYSICAL FEATURES: GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, FAUNA, AND FLORA

   ■ Birot, Pierre. Le Portugal: Étude de géographie régionale. Paris, 1950.

   ■ Embleton, Clifford. Geomorphology of Europe. London: Macmillan, 1984.

   ■ Girão, Aristides de Amorim. Divisão regional, divisão agrícola e divisão administrativa. Coimbra, 1932.

   ■. Condições geográficos e históricas de autonomia política de Portugal. Coimbra, 1935.

   ■. Atlas de Portugal, 2nd ed. Coimbra, 1958.

   ■ Ribeiro, Orlando. Portugal, O Mediterrâneo e o Altântico. Coimbra, 1945 and later eds.

   ■. Portugal. Volume V of Geografia de Espana y Portugal. Barcelona, 1955.

   ■. Ensaios de Geografia Humana e regio nal. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■. A geografia e a divisão regional do país. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. The Individuality of Portugal. Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1959.

   ■. Portugal's Other Kingdom: The Algarve. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1963.

   ■ Taylor, Albert William. Wild Flowers of Spain and Portugal. London: Chatto & Windus, 1972.

   ■ Way, Ruth, and Margaret Simmons. A Geography of Spain and Portugal. London: Methuen, 1962.

   ■ ARCHAEOLOGY AND PREHISTORY

   ■ "Actas do Colóquio Inter-Universitário do Noroeste Peninsular (Porto-Baião, 1988), vol. II, Proto-História, romanização e Idade Média." In Trabalhos de antropologia e etnologia. 28, 3-4 (1988).

   ■ Alarcão, Jorge de, ed. "Do Paleolítico va arte visigótica." Vol. 1, História da

   ■ Arte em Portugal. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■. Roman Portugal, 3 vols. Warminister, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■. Portugal Das Orígens A Romanização. Vol. I. In J. Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds. Nova História de Portugal. Lisbon: Presença, 1990. Anderson, James M., and M. S. Lea. Portugal 1001 Sights: An Archaeological and Historical Guide. Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary and Robert Hale, 1994.

   ■ Balmuth, Miriam S., Antonio Gilman, and Lourdes Prados-Torreira, eds. Encounters and Transformations: The Archaeology of Iberia in Transition. Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology, no. 7. Sheffield, U.K.: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997.

   ■ Beirão, C. M. M. Une civilization protohistorique du Sud au Portugal ( 1er Age du Fer). Paris: D. Boccard, 1986.

   ■ Cardoso, João Luís, Santinho A. Cunha, and Delberto Aguiar. O Homem Pre-Histórico no Concelho de Oeiras. Oeiras, Portugal: Estudos Arquelógicos de Oeiras, 1991.

   ■ Harrison, Richard J. The Bell Beaker Cultures of Spain and Portugal. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1977.

   ■ Mangas, Júlio, ed. Hispania epigraphica. Madrid, 1989.

   ■ Maloney, Stephanie J. "The Villa of Toerre de Palma, Portugal: Archaeology and Preservation." Portuguese Studies Review VIII, 1 (Fall-Winter, 1999-2000): 14-28.

   ■ Savory, H. N. Spain and Portugal: The Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula. London, 1968.

   ■ Silva, A. C. F. A cultura castreja no Noroeste de Portugal. Paços de Ferreira:

   ■ Museu da Citânia de Sanfins, 1986. Straus, L. G. Iberia before the Iberians. Albuquerque, N.M., 1992.

   ■ FOREIGN TRAVELERS AND RESIDENTS' ACCOUNTS

   ■ Andersen, Hans Christian. A Visit to Portugal 1866. London: Peter Owen, 1972.

   ■ Beckford, William. Italy, with Sketches of Spain and Portugal. Paris: Baudry's European Library, 1834.

   ■. The Journal of William Beckford in Portugal and Spain 1787-1788.

   ■ Boyd Alexander, ed. London: Hart-Davies, 1954.

   ■. Recollections of an Excursion to the Monasteries of Alcoboca and Batalha. Fontwell, U.K.: Centaur Press, 1972.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. In Portugal. London: Bodley Head, 1912.

   ■ Borrow, George. The Bible in Spain, 2 vols. London: Constable, 1923 ed.

   ■ Chaves, Castelo Branco. Os livros de viagens em Portugal no século XVIII e a sua projecção europeia. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Costigan, Arthur William. Sketches of Society and Manners in Portugal. London: T. Vernon, 1787.

   ■ Crawfurd, Oswald. Portugal Old and New. London: Kegan, Paul, 1880.

   ■. Round the Calendar in Portugal. London: Chapman & Hall, 1890.

   ■ Darymple, William. Travels through Spain and Portugal in 1774. London: J. Almon, 1777.

   ■ Dumouriez, Charles Francois Duperrier. An Account of Portugal as It Appeared in 1766. London: C. Law, 1797.

   ■ Fielding, Henry. Jonathan Wild and the Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon. London: J. M. Dent, 1932.

   ■ Fullerton, Alice. To Portugal for Pleasure. London: Grafton, 1945.

   ■ Gibbons, John. I Gathered No Moss. London: Robert Hale, 1939.

   ■ Gordon, Jan, and Cora Gordon. Portuguese Somersault. London: Harrap, 1934.

   ■ Hewitt, Richard. A Cottage in Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996.

   ■ Huggett, Frank. South of Lisbon: Winter Travels in Southern Portugal. London: Gollancz, 1960.

   ■ Hume, Martin. Through Portugal. London: Richards, 1907.

   ■ Hyland, Paul. Backwards Out of the Big World: A Voyage into Portugal. Hammersmith, U.K.: HarperCollins, 1996.

   ■ Jackson, Catherine Charlotte, Lady. Fair Lusitania. London: Bentley, 1874.

   ■ Kelly, Marie Node. This Delicious Land Portugal. London: Hutchinson, 1956.

   ■ Kempner, Mary Jean. Invitation to Portugal. New York: Athenaeum, 1969.

   ■ Kingston, William H. G. Lusitanian Sketches of the Pen and Pencil. 2 vol. London: Parker, 1845.

   ■ Landmann, George. Historical, Military and Picturesque Observations on Portugal. 2 vol. London: Cadell and Davies, 1818.

   ■ Latouche, John [Pseudonym of Oswald Crawfurd]. Travels in Portugal. London: Ward, Lock & Taylor, ca. 1874.

   ■ Link, Henry Frederick. Travels in Portugal and France and Spain. London: Longman & Rees, 1801.

   ■ Macauley, Rose. They Went to Portugal. London: Jonathan Cape, 1946.

   ■. They Went to Portugal, Too. Manchester: Carcanet Books, 1990.

   ■ Merle, Iris. Portuguese Panorama. London: Ouzel, 1958.

   ■ Murphy, J. C. Travels in Portugal. London: 1795.

   ■ Proper, Datus C. The Last Old Place: A Search through Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.

   ■ Quillinan, Dorothy [Wordsworth]. Journal of a Few Months in Portugal with Glimpses of the South of Spain. 2 vol. London: Moxon, 1847. Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1954. Smith, Karine R. Until Tomorrow: Azores and Portugal. Snohomish, Wash.: Snohomish Publishing, 1978. Southey, Robert. Journals of a Residence in Portugal, 1800-1801 and a Visit to France, 1838. London and New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1912. Thomas, Gordon Kent. Lord Byron's Iberian Pilgrimage. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1983. Twiss, Richard. Travels through Portugal and Spain in 1772-1773. London, 1775.

   ■ Watson, Gilbert. Sunshine and Sentiment in Portugal. London: Arnold, 1904. Wheeler, Douglas L. "A[n American] Fulbrighter in Lisbon, Portugal, 196162." Portuguese Studies Review 1 (1991): 9-16.

   ■ PORTUGUESE CARTOGRAPHY, DISCOVERIES, AND NAVIGATION

   ■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Curso de História de Naútica. Coimbra, 1972.

   ■. Introdução a história dos descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Mem Martins, 1983.

   ■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon: Alfa, 1983.

   ■. Navegadores, viajantes e adventureiros portugueses: Séculos XV e XVI. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■. Portuguese Books on Nautical Science from Pedro Nunes to 1650. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Boorstin, Daniel. The Discoverers. New York: Random House, 1983. Boxer, C. R. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1415-1825. London: Hutchinson, 1969.

   ■ Brazão, Eduardo. La découverte de Terre-Neuve. Montreal: Les Presses de l'Université, 1964.

   ■. "Les Corte-Real et le Nouveau Monde." Revue d'histoire d'Amérique Française 19, 1 (1965): 335-49. Cortesão, Armando, and Avelino Teixeira de Mota. Cartografia Portuguesa Antiga. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■. Portugalia Monumenta Cartográfica, 6 vols. Lisbon, 1960-62.

   ■. História da Cartografia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1969-70.

   ■ Cortesão, Jaime. L'expansion des portugais dans l'historie de la civilisation. Brussels, 1930.

   ■. Os descobrimentos portugueses, 2 vols. V. Magalhães Godinho and Joel Serrão, eds. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■. A expansão dos Portugueses no período henriquinho. Lisbon, 1965.

   ■. Descobrimentos precolombanos dos portugueses. Lisbon, 1966.

   ■ Costa, Abel Fontoura da. A Marinharia dos Descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■ Costa Brochado, Idalino F. Descobrimento do Atlântico. Lisbon, 1958. English ed., 1959-60.

   ■ Coutinho, Admiral Gago. A naútica dos descobrimentos, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1951-52.

   ■ Crone, G. R. Maps and Their Makers. New York: Capricorn Books, 1966.

   ■ Dias, José S. da Silva. Os descobrimentos e a problemática cultural do Século XVI, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Disney, Anthony, and Emily Booth, eds. Vasco Da Gama and the Linking of Europe and Asia. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000.

   ■ Godinho, Vitorino Magalhães, ed. Documentos sobre a expansão portuguesa [ to 1460], 3 vols. Lisbon, 1945-54.

   ■ Guedes, Max, and Gerald Lombardi, eds. Portugal. Brazil: The Age of Atlantic Discoveries. Lisbon: Bertrand; Milan: Ricci; Brazilian Culture Foundation, 1990. [Catalogue of New York Public Library Exhibit, Summer 1990]

   ■ Harley, J. B., and David Woodward. The History of Cartography. Volume 1: Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient and Medieval Europe and Mediterranean. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.

   ■ Leite, Duarte. História dos Descobrimentos: Colectânea de esparsos, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1958-61.

   ■ Ley, Charles. Portuguese Voyages, 1498-1663. London: Dent, 1953.

   ■ Marques, J. Martins da Silva. Descobrimentos portugueses, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1944-71.

   ■ Martyn, John R. C., ed. Pedro Nunes ( 1502-1578): His Lost Algebra and Other Discoveries. John R. C. Martyn, trans. New York: Peter Lang, 1996.

   ■ Morison, Samuel Eliot. The European Discovery of America: The Northern Voyages, A. D. 500-1600. New York: Oxford University Press, 1971.

   ■. Portuguese Voyages to America in the Fifteenth Century. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1974.

   ■ Mota, Avelino Teixeira da. Mar, Além-Mar-Estudos e Ensaios de História e Geografia. Lisbon, 1972.

   ■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Vida e Obra do Infante D. Henrique. Lisbon, 1959.

   ■ Parry, J. H. The Discovery of the Sea. New York: Dial, 1974.

   ■ Penrose, Boies. Travel and Discovery in the Renaissance, 1420-1620. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1952.

   ■ Peres, Damião. História dos Descobrimentos Portugueses. Oporto, 1943.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. The Portuguese Pioneers. London, 1933; New York: Barnes & Noble, 1967.

   ■ Rogers, Francis M. Precision Astrolabe: Portuguese Navigators and Transoceanic Aviation. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Seary, E. R. "The Portuguese Element in the Place Names of Newfoundland." In Luís Albuquerque, ed., Vice-Almirante A. Teixeira da Mota: In Memo-riam. Vol. II, 359-64. Lisbon: Academia da Marinha, 1989.

   ■ Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. The Career and Legend of Vasco Da Gama. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

   ■ Velho, Alvaro. Roteiro ( Navigator's Route) da Primeira Viagem de Vasco da Gama ( 1497-1499). Lisbon, 1960.

   ■ Winius, George, ed. Portugal, the Pathfinder: Journeys from the Medieval toward the Modern World 1300-ca. 1600. Madison, Wisc.: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, 1995.

   ■ PORTUGAL AND HER OVERSEAS EMPIRES (1415-1975)

   ■ Abshire, David M., and Michael A. Samuels, eds. Portuguese Africa: A Handbook. New York: Praeger, 1969.

   ■ Afonso, Aniceto, and Carlos de Matos Gomes. Guerra Colonial. Lisbon: Noticias, 2001.

   ■ Albuquerque, J. Moushino de. Moçambique. Lisbon, 1898.

   ■ Alden, Dauril. The Making of an Enterprise: The Society of Jesus in Portugal, Its Empire & Beyond. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1995.

   ■ Alexandre, Valentim. Orígens do Colonialismo Português Moderno ( 18221891). Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1979.

   ■. Velho Brasil, Novas Africas: Portugal e o Império ( 1808-1975). Oporto: Afrontamento, 2000.

   ■, and Jill Dias, eds. "O Império Africano 1825-1890. Volume X." In J.

   ■ Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds., Nova História Da Expansão Portuguesa. Lisbon: Estampa, 1998.

   ■ Ames, Glen J. "The Carreira da India, 1668-1682: Maritime Enterprise and the Quest for Stability in Portugal's Asian Empire." Journal of European Economic History 20, 1 (1991): 7-28.

   ■. Renascent Empire? The House of Braganza and the Quest for Stability in Portuguese Monsoon Asia, ca. 1640-1683. Amsterdam: Amsterdam Univ.Press, 2000.

   ■. Vasco da Gama. Renaissance Crusader. New York: Pearson/Longman, 2005.

   ■ Antunes, José Freire. O Império com Pés de Barro: Colonizaçao e Descolonização: As Ideologias em Portugal. Lisbon: D. Quixote, 1980.

   ■. O Factor Africano 1890-1990. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1990.

   ■. A Guerra De Africa 1961-1974, 2 vols. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1995-96.

   ■. Jorge Jardim: Agente Secreto 1919-1982. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1996.

   ■ Axelson, Eric A. South-East Africa, 1488-1530. London: Longmans, 1940.

   ■. "Prince Henry and the Discovery of the Sea Route to India." Geographical Journal (U.K.) 127, 2 (June 1961): 145-58.

   ■. Portugal and the Scramble for Africa, 1875-1891. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1967.

   ■. Portuguese in South-East Africa, 1488-1699. Cape Town: Struik, 1973.

   ■. Congo to Cape: Early Portuguese Explorers. New York: Harper & Row, 1974.

   ■ Azevedo, Mário. Historical Dictionary of Mozambique, 2nd ed. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2003.

   ■ Baião, António, Hernãni Cidade, and Manuel Murias, eds. História da Expansão Portuguesa no Mundo, 4 vols. Lisbon, 1937-40.

   ■ Bender, Gerald J. "The Limits of Counterinsurgency [in the Angolan War, 1961-72]." Comparative Politics (1972): 331-60.

   ■. Angola under the Portuguese: The Myth Versus Reality. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978.

   ■ Bhíla, H. H. K. Trade and Politics in a Shona Kingdom: The Manyika and Their Portuguese and African Neighbours, 1875-1902. Harlow, U.K.: Longman, 1990.

   ■ Birmingham, David. The Portuguese Conquest of Angola. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965.

   ■. Trade and Conflict in Angola. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1966.

   ■. Frontline Nationalism in Angola & Mozambique. London: James Currey, 1992.

   ■. Portugal and Africa. New York: St. Martins, 1999.

   ■ Bottineau, Yves. Le Portugal Et Sa Vocation Maritime. Paris: Boccard, 1977. Boxer, C. R. Fidalgos in the Far East— Fact and Fancy in the History of Macau. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1948. ———. The Christian Century in Japan. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1951.

   ■ ———. Salvador de Sá and the Struggle for Brazil and Angola, 1602-1688. London, 1952.

   ■ ———. Four Centuries of Portuguese Expansion, 1415-1825: A Succinct Survey. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1961.

   ■ ———. The Golden Age of Brazil, 1695-1750. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1962.

   ■ ———. Race Relations in the Portuguese Colonial Empire, 1415-1825. Oxford:

   ■ Clarendon Press, 1963. ———. Portuguese Society in the Tropics. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1965.

   ■ ———. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire 1415-1825. London: Hutchi nson, 1969.

   ■ ———, and Carlos de Azevedo, eds. Fort Jesus and the Portuguese in Mombasa. London: Hollis and Carter, 1960.

   ■ Broadhead, Susan H. Historical Dictionary of Angola, 2nd ed. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1992.

   ■ Burton, Richard. Goa and the Blue Mountains. London: Bentley, 1851.

   ■ Cabral, Luís. Crónica da Libertação. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Caetano, Marcello. Colonizing Traditions, Principles and Methods of the Portuguese. Lisbon, 1951.

   ■ ———. Portugal E A Internacionalização Dos Problemas Africanos, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1965.

   ■ Cann, John P. Counterinsurgency in Africa: The Portuguese Way of War, 1961-1974. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1997. Castelo, Claudia. " O modo portugues de estar no mundo." O luso-tropicalismo e a ideologia colonial portuguesa ( 1931-1961). Oporto: Afrontamento, 1998. Castro, Armando. O Sistema Colonial Português em Africa ( meados do Século XX). Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Chaliand, Gerard. "The Independence of Guinea-Bissau and the Heritage of [Amilcar] Cabral." In Revolution in the Third World. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1978.

   ■ Chilcote, Ronald H. Portuguese Africa. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1967.

   ■ Clarence-Smith, Gervase. Slaves, Peasants and Capitalists in Southern Angola 1840-1926. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.

   ■ ———. The Third Portuguese Empire 1825-1975: A Study in Economic Imperialism. Manchester, U.K.: Manchester University Press, 1985.

   ■ Coates, Timothy J. Convicts and Orphans: Forced and State-Sponsored Colonizers in the Portuguese Empire, 1550-1720. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2001.

   ■ Davies, Shann. Macau. Singapore: Times Editions, 1986.

   ■ Dias, C. Malheiro, ed. História da colonização portuguesa no Brasil, 3 vols. Oporto, 1921-24.

   ■ Diffie, Bailey W., and George Winius. Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415-1580. Minneapolis: Minnesota University Press, 1977.

   ■ Disney, Anthony R. Twilight of the Pepper Empire: Portuguese Trade in Southwest India in the Early Seventeenth Century. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1978.

   ■ ———, and Emily Booth, eds. Vasco Da Gama and the Linking of Europe and Asia. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000.

   ■ Duffy, James. Shipwreck and Empire: Being an Account of Portuguese Maritime Disaster in a Century of Decline. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1955.

   ■ ———. Portuguese Africa. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1959. ———. Portugal in Africa. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1962.

   ■. "The Portuguese Territories." In Colin Legum, ed., Africa: A Handbook to the Continent. New York: Holmes & Meier, 1967. ———. A Question of Slavery. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1967. Felgas, Hélio. História do Congo Português. Carmona, Angola, 1958. ———. Guerra em Angola. Lisbon, 1961.

   ■ Galvão, Henrique, and Carlos Selvagam. O Império Ultramarino Português, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1953.

   ■ Gleijeses, Piero. Conflicting Missions: Havana, Washington and Africa, 19591976. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002.

   ■ Godinho, Vitorino Magalhães. "Portugal and Her Empire." In The New Cambridge Modern History. Vol. V (1961): 384-97; Vol. VI (1963): 509-TO.

   ■ Grenfell, F. James. História da Igreja Baptista em Angola, 1879-1975. Queluz, Portugal: Núcleo, 1998.

   ■ Hammond, Richard J. "Economic Imperialism: Sidelights on a Stereotype." Journal of Economic History XXI, 4 (1961): 582-98.

   ■ ———. Portugal and Africa, 1815-1910: A Study in Uneconomic Imperialism. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1966.

   ■ Hanson, Carl. Portugal and the Wider World 1147-1497. New Orleans, La.: University Press of the South, 2001.

   ■ Harris, Marvin. Portugal's African Wards. New York: American Committee on Africa, 1957.

   ■ ———. "Portugal's Contribution to the Underdevelopment of Africa and Brazil." In Ronald H. Chilcote, ed., Protest & Resistance in Angola & Brazil: Comparative Studies, 209-23. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972.

   ■ Henderson, Lawrence W. Angola: Five Centuries of Conflict. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1979. ———. A Igreja Em Angola. Lisbon: Edit. Além-Mar, 1990. Heywood, Linda. Contested Power in Angola 1840s to the Present. Rochester, N.Y.: University of Rochester Press, 2000.

   ■ Hilton, Anne. The Kingdom of Kongo. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985.

   ■ Hower, Alfred, and Richard Preto-Rodas, eds. Empire in Transition: The Portuguese World in the Time of Camões. Gainesville: University Presses of Florida, 1985.

   ■ Isaacman, Allen. "The Prazos da Coroa 1752-1830: A Functional Analysis of the Political System." STUDIA (Lisbon) 26 (1969): 149-78.

   ■. Mozambique: The Africanization of a European Institution: The Zambezi Prazos, 1750-1902. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1972.

   ■ ———. The Tradition of Resistance in Mozambique: Anti-Colonial Activity in the Zambesi Valley 1850-1921. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976.

   ■ James, Martin. Historical Dictionary of Angola, 3rd ed. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2004.

   ■ Jardim, Jorge. Sanctions Double-Cross: Oil to Rhodesia. Lisbon, 1978. Johnson, Harold, and Maria Beatriz Nizza da Silva. O Império Luso-Brasileiro 1500-1620. Volume VI. In J. Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds. Nova História Da Expansão Portuguesa. Lisbon: Estampa, 1992. Joliffe, Jill. East Timor: Nationalism & Colonialism. University of Queensland Press, 1978.

   ■ Kea, Ray A. Settlements, Trade and Politics in the Seventeenth Century Gold Coast. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982.

   ■ Kohen, Arnold. From the Place of the Dead. The Epic Struggles of Bishop Belo of East Timor. New York: St Martins, 1999.

   ■ Livingstone, Charles, and David Livingstone. Narrative of an Expedition to the Zambezi and Its Tributaries. New York: 1866.

   ■ Livingstone, David. Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa. London, 1857.

   ■ Lobban, Richard, and Joshua Forrest. Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau, 3rd ed. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 1996. Lobban, Richard, and Marilyn Halter. Historical Dictionary of Cape Verde, 3rd ed. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 1993. Martino, Antonio M. Joao de Azevedo Coutinho. Marinheiro e soldado de Portugal. Lisbon: Colibri, 2002. Martins, Rocha. História das Colónias Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1933. Marvaud, Angel. Le Portugal et Ses Colonies. Paris, 1912. Mason, Philip, ed. Angola: A Symposium; Views of a Revolt. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1961. Melo, João de, ed. Os Anos Da Guerra 1961-1975: Os Portugueses em Africa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1988. Miller, Joseph C. Way of Death: Merchant Capitalism and the Angolan Slave Trade, 1730-1830. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1988.

   ■ Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Portugal. Vinte Anos de Defesa do Estado Português de India. Lisbon, 1967.

   ■. Portugal Replies in the United Nations. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■ Mondlane, Eduardo. The Struggle for Mozambique. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1969.

   ■ Moreira, Adriano. Política Ultramarina. Lisbon, 1956.

   ■. Portugal's Stand in Africa. New York: University Publishers, 1962.

   ■, and Jose Carlos Venancio. Eds. Luso-Tropicalismo. Uma Teoria Social em Questao. Lisbon: Vega, 2000.

   ■ Múrias, Manuel, ed. História da expansão portuguesa no mundo, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1937-42.

   ■. Short History of Portuguese Colonization. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■ Newitt, Malyn. Portuguese Settlement on the Zambesi: Exploration, Land Tenure and Colonial Rule in East Africa. New York: Holmes & Meier, 1973.

   ■. Portugal in Africa: The Last Hundred Years. London: Longmans, 1981.

   ■. A History of Mozambique. London: Hurst, 1995.

   ■. A History ofPortuguese Overseas Expansion, 1400-1668. London: Routledge, 2005.

   ■. Diálogos Interditos: A Política Externa Portuguesa E A Guerra De Africa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■. História De Portugal. 1933-1974: II Suplemento. Oporto, 1981.

   ■. Um político confessa-se ( Diário: 1960-1968), 3rd ed. Oporto, 1987.

   ■. Salazar. Vol. V: A Resistência ( 1958-1964). Oporto, 1981.

   ■ Nowell, Charles E. "Portugal and the Partition of Africa." Journal of Modern History XIX, 1 (1947): 1-17.

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   ■ Young, George. Portugal Old and Young. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1917.

   ■ ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY, RURAL AND URBAN SOCIETY

   ■ Almeida, Miguel Vale de. The Hegemonic Male: Masculinity in a Portuguese Town. Oxford: Berghan, 1996.

   ■ Black, Richard. Crisis and Change in Rural Europe: Agricultural Development in the Portuguese Mountains. Aldershot, U.K.: Avebury and Ashgate, 1992.

   ■ Brettell, Caroline B. Men Who Migrate, Women Who Wait: Population and History in a Portuguese Parish. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986.

   ■. "The Absence of Men." Natural History 96, 2 (Feb. 1987): 52-61.

   ■. "The Portuguese." In Encyclopedia of World Cultures. New Haven, Conn.: Human Relations Area Files, 1990.

   ■. "The Priest and His People: The Contractual Basis for Religious Practice in Rural Portugal." In Ellen Badone, ed., Religious Orthodoxy and Popular Faith in European Society, 55-75. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1990.

   ■ Brogger, Jan. Pre-bureaucratic Europeans: A Study of a Portuguese Fishing Community. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. Cabral, Manuel Villaverde. "Portuguese Perspectives." Sociologia Ruralis [Journal of European Rural Sociology] XXIV, 1 (1986); number devoted to rural Portugal today. Chaney, Rick. Regional Emigration and Remittances in Developing Countries: The Portuguese Experience. New York: Praeger, 1986. Cole, Sally. Women of the Praia: Work and Lives in a Portuguese Colonial Community. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1991. Cutileiro, José. A Portuguese Rural Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971.

   ■ Deschamps, Paul. Portugal: La Vie Sociale Actuelle. Paris, 1935.

   ■. Histoire Sociale du Portugal. Paris, 1959.

   ■ Dias, Jorge. Rio do Onor-comunitarismo agropastoral. Oporto, 1953.

   ■. Ensaios Etnológicos. Lisbon, 1961.

   ■. The Portuguese Contribution to Cultural Anthropology. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1964.

   ■. Vilarinho Da Furna: Uma Aldeia Comunitária. Rev. ed. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Downs, Charles. Os Moradores à Conquista da Cidade. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■. "Community Organization, Political Change and Urban Policy: Portugal. 1974-1976." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology. University of California, 1980.

   ■. "Residents' Commissions and Urban Struggles in Revolutionary Portugal." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Dracklé, Dorlé. Macht und Ohnmacht: Der Kampf num die Agarreform im Alentejo ( Portugal). Gottingen, Germany: Edit. Re, 1991.

   ■ Espírito Santo, Moise. Communidade Rural ao Norte do Tejo. Lisbon, 1980.

   ■ Feijó, Rui, H. Martins, and João de Pina Cabral, eds. Death in Portugal. Oxford: Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford, 1983.

   ■ Feijó, Rui Graça. "State, Nation and Regional Diversity in Portugal: An Overview." In Richard Herr and John H. Polt, eds., Iberian Identity: Essays on the Nature of Identity in Portugal and Spain, 37-47. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1989.

   ■ Feio, Mariano. Les Bas Alentejo et l'Algarve. Lisbon, 1949.

   ■ Ferreira de Almeida, João. Classes sociais nos campos. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Fonseca, Ramiro da. O Livro da Saúde e da Doença. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Gallop, Rodney. Portugal: A Book of Folk-Ways. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1936. Reprinted, 1961.

   ■ Hoefgen, Lynn. "The Integration of Returnees from the Colonies into Portugal's Social and Economic Life." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, 1985.

   ■ Ingerson, Alice Elizabeth. "Corporatism and Class Consciousness in Northwestern Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology. Johns Hopkins University, 1984.

   ■ Jenkins, Robin. The Road to Alto. London: Pluto Press, 1979.

   ■ Lawrence, Denise. "Menstrual Politics: Women and Pigs in Rural Portugal." In T. Buckley and A. Gottlieb, eds., Blood Magic: The Anthropology of Menstruation, 117-36. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.

   ■. "Suburbanization of House Form and Gender Relations in a Rural Portuguese Agro-Town." Architecture and Behavior 4, 3 (1988): 197-212.

   ■ Martins, Hermínio. "Portugal." In Margaret S. Archer and Salvador Giner, eds., Contemporary Europe: Class, Status and Power. New York: St. Martins, 1971.

   ■ Mattoso, José. Identificação de um país. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Merten, Peter. Anarchismüs und Arbeiterkãmpf in Portugal. Hamburg: Libera-tare Association, 1981.

   ■ Monteiro, Paulo. Terra que ja foi terra: Análise Sociológica de nove lugares agro-pastorais da Serra da Lousã. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Nataf, Daniel. "Social Cleavages and Regime Formation in Contemporary Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Political Science, UCLA, 1987.

   ■ Nazareth, J. Manuel. "Familia e Emigração em Portugal: Ensaio Exploratório." Economia e Socialismo 23 (1977): 31-50.

   ■ O'Neill, Brian Juan. "Dying and Inheriting in Rural Tras-os-Montes." Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford 14 (1983): 44-74.

   ■. Social Inequality in a Portuguese Hamlet: Land, Late Marriage, and Inheritance, 1870-1978. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

   ■ Pacheco, Helder. Tradições Populares de Portugal. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Pardoe, Julia. Traits and Traditions of Portugal, 2 vols. London, 1832.

   ■ Pereira Neto, João Baptista. "Social Evolution in Portugal since 1945." In Raymond S. Sayers, ed., Portugal and Brazil in Transition, 212-27. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1968.

   ■ Pina-Cabral, João de. Sons of Adam, Daughters of Eve: The Peasant World-View of the Alto Minho. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.

   ■. "Sociocultural Differentiation and Regional Identity in Portugal." In

   ■ R. Herr and J. H. Polt, eds., Iberian Identity, 3-18. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, 1989.

   ■ Poinard, Michel. La Retour des Traveilleurs Portugais. Paris: La Documentation Francaise, 1979.

   ■ Reed, Robert Roy. "Managing the Revolution: Revolutionary Promise and Political Reality in Rural Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, 1988.

   ■ Riegelhaupt, Joyce F. "In the Shadow of the City: Integration of a Portuguese Village" [São João das Lampas, nr, Cascais]. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Columbia University, 1964.

   ■. "Saloio Women: An Analysis of Informal and Formal Political and Economic Roles of Portuguese Peasant Women." Anthropological Quarterly 40, 3 (July 1967): 109-26.

   ■. "Festas and Padres: The Organization of Religious Action in a Portuguese Parish." American Anthropologist 75 (1973): 835-52.

   ■. "Peasants and Politics in Salazar's Portugal: The Corporate State and Village 'Nonpolitics'" In L. S. Graham and H. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents, 167-90. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, Julieta E. S. de Almeida. "Continuity and Change in Urban Portuguese Women's Roles: Emerging New Household Structures." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology, Columbia University, 1979.

   ■ Rowland, Robert. "Demographic Patterns and Rural Society in Portugal." So-ciologica Ruralis 26, 1 (1986): 36-47.

   ■ Sanchis, Pierre. Arraial. La Fête d'un Peuple: Les Pélerinages Populaires au Portugal. Paris, 1976.

   ■ Siegel, Bernard J. "Social Structure and Medical Practitioners in Rural Brazil and Portugal." Sociologia (São Paulo) 20, 4 (Oct. 1958): 463-76.

   ■. "Conflict, Parochialism and Social Differentiation in Portuguese Society." Journal of Conflict Resolution V, 1 (March 1961): 35-12.

   ■ Smith, T. Lynn. "The Social Relationships of Man to the Land in Portugal." Sociologia 25, 1 (Dec. 1963): 319-43.

   ■ Sousa Santos, Boaventura. "Estado e sociedade na semiperíferia do sistema mundiale: O caso português." Análise Social 87-89 (1985): 869-902.

   ■. "Social Crisis and the State." In Kenneth Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation, 167-95. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Vasconcellos, Joaquim Leite de. Ethnograia Portuguesa, 8 vols. Lisbon, 1941-82.

   ■. Tradições Populares Portugueses. New ed. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Willems, Emilio. "On Portuguese Family Structure." International Journal of Comparative Society (Dharwar, India) 3, 1 (Sept. 1962): 65-79.

   ■ ARTS, ARCHITECTURE, URBAN PLANNING, MUSIC

   ■ Almeida, Rodrigo Vicente de. História da Arte em Portugal: ( Segundo Estudo) Documentos lnéditos. Oporto, 1883. Almeida D'Eca, Admiral Vicente M. Castles of Portugal. Lisbon, 1925. Amaral, Francisco K. Lisboa: Uma Cidade em Transformação. Lisbon, 1969. Azevedo, Carlos de, and Chester Brummel. Churches of Portugal. New York: Scala Books, 1985.

   ■ Barreira, João, ed. Arte Portuguesa: As Decorativas, 2 vols. Lisbon, n.d.

   ■ Barretto, Mascarenhas, and George Dykes. Fado: Lyrical Origins and Poetical Motivation. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. London: Scala, 1987.

   ■ Branco, Luís de Freitas. A Música em Portugal. Lisbon, 1930.

   ■ Brito, Manuel Carlos de. Opera in Portugal in the Eighteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

   ■ Carvalho, Pinto de. História de Fado. Lisbon, 1903 and 1982 eds.

   ■ Castro d'Aire, Teresa. O Fado. Lisbon: Temas da Actualidade, 1996.

   ■ Chicó, Mário Tavares. A Architectura Gótica em Portugal. Lisbon, 1968.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. A Arte em Portugal No Século XIX. Lisbon, 1966.

   ■. Lisboa Pombalina e o Illuminismo, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■. A Reconstrucão e a Arquitectura Pombalina. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Gallop, Rodney. "The Fado (The Portuguese Song of Fate)." Musical Quarterly XIX (1933): 199-213.

   ■. Eight Portuguese Folksongs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1936.

   ■ Gil, Júlio. The Finest Churches in Portugal. Lisbon, 1988.

   ■. The Finest Castles in Portugal, 3rd ed. George F. W. Dykes, trans. Lisbon, 1996.

   ■ Gonçalves, Rui Mário. Pintura e escultura em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura, 1984.

   ■. 100 Pintores Portugueses do século XX. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■ Kubler, George. Portuguese Plain Architecture: Between Spices and Diamonds, 1521-1706. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1972.

   ■. Studies in Ancient American and European Art: The Collected Essays of George Kubler. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1985.

   ■, and Martin Soria. Art and Architecture in Spain and Portugal. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1959.

   ■ Lacerda, Aarão de. História da Arte em Portugal, 2 vols. Oporto, 1942-48.

   ■ Leão, Joaquim de Sousa. "Decorative Art: The Azulejo." In H. V. Livermore, ed. Portugal and Brazil: An Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1953.

   ■ Lopes Graça, Fernando. A canção popular portuguesa. Lisbon, 1953.

   ■. A música portuguesa e os sus problemas: Ensaios. Lisbon, 1959.

   ■ Moita, Luís. O fado: canção de vencidos. Lisbon, 1936.

   ■ Neves, José Cassiano. The Palace and Gardens of Fronteira: Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Portuguese Style. Lisbon: Quetzal and Scala, 1995. North, C.T. Guia dos castelos antigos de Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon: Bertrand Ed., 2002.

   ■ Pacheco, Jose. Stuart Carvalhais. O desenho grafico e a imprensa. Lisbon: Biblioteca do Empresario, 2000. Pereira, Paulo, ed. Arte portuguesa. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1995. Picchio, Luciana Stegagno. Storia del Teatro Portoghese. Rome: Edizinio deli' Ateneo, 1964.

   ■ Queirós, José. Cerâmica Portuguesa, 2 vols. 2nd rev. ed. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ Santos, Luís Reis. Monuments of Portugal. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■ Santos, Reinaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1948-50.

   ■. História da Arte em Portugal. Oporto, 1953.

   ■ Sasportes, José. História da Dança em Portugal. Lisbon, 1970. Simões, J. M. dos Santos. "Azulejos in a Land of Many Colours." Connoisseur (London) CXXXVII, 551 (1956): 15-21.

   ■. Azulejaria em Portugal no Século X VIII. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Smith, Robert C. A Talha em Portugal. Lisbon, 1963.

   ■. The Art of Portugal, 1500-1800. London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1968.

   ■. "The Building of Mafra." Apollo 97, 134 (April 1973): 360-67.

   ■ Stoop, Anne de. Demeures portugaises dans les environs de Lisbonne. Paris: Weber, 1986.

   ■. Palais et manoirs: Le Minho. Paris: Ed. du Seuil, 1995.

   ■ Tannock, Michael. Portuguese 20th Century Artists: A Biographical Dictionary. Chichester, U.K.: Phillimore, 1978.

   ■ Taylor, René. "The Architecture of Port Wine." The Architectural Review CXXIX, 772 (1961): 368-99.

   ■ Terol, Marylene. Azulejos a Lisbonne. Paris: Hervas, 1992.

   ■ Veiga de Oliveira, Ernesto. Instrumentos musicais populares portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Watson, Walter Crum. Portuguese Architecture. London: Constable, 1908. Wohl, Hellmut. "Carlos Mardel and His Lisbon Architecture." Apollo 97, 134 (April 1973): 350-59.

   ■ Sculpture and Ceramics

   ■ Andrade, Sergio de. "Presepios." In Dicionario de Arte Barroca em Portugal. Lisbon: Presenca, 1989. Barreira, Joao. Arte Portuguesa, Arquitectura e Escultura. Lisbon: Excelsior, n.d.

   ■ Cardoso, Arnaldo Pinto. O Presepio Barroco Portugues. Lisbon: Bertrand, 2003.

   ■ Chaves, Luis. Os Barristas Portugueses. Coimbra, 1925.

   ■. Natal Portugues. Oporto: Liv. Classica Editora, 1942.

   ■ Gargano, Pietro. Il Presepio. Otto Secoli di Storia, Arte, Tradizione. Milan: Fenice, 1995.

   ■ Lima, Henrique de Campos F. Joaquim Machado de Castro, Escultor Conimbricense. Coimbra: Instituto de Historia de Arte, 1989. Macedo, Diogo de. Presepios Portugueses. Lisbon: Artis, 1951.

   ■. Machado de Castro. Lisbon: Artis, 1958.

   ■ Morais, Heitor. Natal do Meu Coracao. Braga: Ed. A.O., 1991.

   ■ Pais, Alexandre Nobre. Presepios Portugueses Monumentos do Seculo XVIII em Terracotta, 2 vols. Master's thesis in history of art, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1998.

   ■ Queiros, Jose. Ceramica Portuguesa. Lisbon: Presenca, 1998. Santos, Reinaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1951. Serrao, Vitor. Historia da Arte em Portugal IV-O Barroco. Lisbon: Presenca, 2003.

   ■ Smith, Robert C. The Art Of Portugal 1500-1800. New York: Meredith Press, 1968.

   ■ Sousa, Ernesto de. Presepios. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1998.

   ■ Cinema

   ■ Antunes, Joao and Jose de Matos-Cruz, Cinema Portugues 1896-1998. Lisbon: Lusomundo, 1997.

   ■ Bandeira, Jose Gomes. Porto: 100 anos de cinema portugues. Oporto: Camara Municipal do Porto, 1996. Duarte, Fernando. Primitivos do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Cinecultura, 1960.

   ■ Faria de Almeida, M., Resumo da Historia do Cinema. Lisbon: RTP, 1982. Nobre, Roberto. Singularidades do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Portugalia, n.d.

   ■ Pina, Luis de. Aventura do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Vega, 1977.

   ■. Documentarismo Portugues. Lisbon: IPC, 1977.

   ■. Panorama do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Terra Livre, 1978.

   ■. Historia do Cinema Portugues. Mem Martins: Europa-America, 1986.

   ■ Ribeiro, Felix. O Cinema Portugues antes do Sonoro. Esboco Historiconema Portugues. Lisbon: Terra Livre, 1978.

   ■. Panorama do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: n.d.

   ■ Children's Literature

   ■ Andresen, Sofia de Melo Breyner. A Fada Oriana. 9th ed. Lisbon: Figueiri-nhas, 1985.

   ■ Araújo, Matilde Rosa. A estrada fascinante. Lisbon: Livros Horizonte, 1988. Barreto, Garcia. Literatura Para Crianças E Jovens Em Portugal. Oporto:

   ■ Campo Das Letras, 1998. Bastos, Glória. A escrita para crianças em Portugal no seculo XIX. Lisbon:

   ■ Caminho da Educaçao, 1997. Cadet, Maria Rita Chiappe. Os Contos da Mamã. Lisbon: Lallement Freres, 1883.

   ■ Castro, Fernanda. Mariazinha em Africa, 2nd ed. Lisbon: Portugália, 1947. Cross, Esther, and Wilbur Cross. Portugal. Chicago: Childrens Press, 1986. DeSkalon, Anna, and Christa Stadtler. We Live in Portugal. New York: Watts, 1987.

   ■ Gomes, Alice. A Nau Catrineta, 2nd ed. Lisbon: Portugália, 1973.

   ■. A literatura para a infância. Lisbon: Torres & Abreu, 1979.

   ■ Letria, José Jorge. Do sentimento mágico da vida. Lisbon: Escritor, 1994. Müller, Adolfo Simões. Historiazinha de Portugal, 6th ed. Oporto: Tavares Martins, 1983.

   ■ Osório, Ana de Castro. Para as crianças. Illustr. by Leal da Câmara. Setúbal: Liv. Crianças, 1908.

   ■ Pires, Maria Laura Bettencourt. História da literatura infantil portuguesa. Lisbon: Vega, 1981. Ribeiro, Aquilino. Arca de Noé-III Classe. Lisbon, 1989. Rocha, Natércia. Breve História da Literatura para Crianças em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura e Língua Portuguesa, 1984.

   ■. Bibliografia geral da literatura portuguesa para crianças. Lisbon: Edit. Comunicação, 1987.

   ■ Sá, Domingos Guimarães de. A literatura infantil em Portugal. Braga: Edit. Franciscana, 1981.

   ■ Selfridge. John. Portugal. New York: Chelsea House, 1990. Vaz de Carvalho, Maria Amália. Contos para os Nossos Filhos, 11th ed. Oporto: Barreira, 1947.

   ■ Viana, António Manuel Couto. Jõao de Deus e um século de literatura infantil em Portugal. Lisbon: Ed. do Templo, 1978.

   ■ Lisbon, Capital City, in History and Literature

   ■ Castelo-Branco, Fernando. Lisboa Seiscentista, 3rd ed. Lisbon: 1969.

   ■ Castilho, Júlio de. Lisboa Antiga, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1935-45.

   ■ Couto, Dejanirah. Histoire de Lisbonne. Paris: Fayard, 2000.

   ■ Crespo, Ángel. Lisboa Mítica e Literária. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1987.

   ■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Lisboa Desaparecida. Lisbon: Quimera, 1990.

   ■ Dionísio, Sant'anna, ed. Guia de Portugal. Vol. I: Lisboa e Arredores. Lisbon: Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, 1924, orig. ed; reprint, Gulbenkian Foundation, 1979.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. Lisboa Pombalina e o Iluminismo. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1977.

   ■ Moita, Irisalva, ed. O Livro de Lisboa. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1994.

   ■ Neves, Orlando. Lisboa em Crónica. Lisbon: Author's Ed., 1968.

   ■ Pavão, Luís, and Mário Pereira. Tabernas de Lisboa. Lisbon: Assírio & Alvim, 1981.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. Lisboa. O que o turista deve ver: What the Tourist Should See. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1997.

   ■ Queirós, José Maria Eça de. À Capital. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1960.

   ■ Santos, Piedade Braga, et al. Lisboa Setecentista vista por Estrangeiros. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1996.

   ■ Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa. Lisbon: Caminho, 1993.

   ■ Wright, David, and Patrick Swift. Lisbon: A Portrait and Guide. New York: Scribners, 1971.

   ■ The Inquisition in History

   ■ Azevedo, João Lúcio. Historia das Cristãos-Novos. Lisbon: Liv. Clássica, 1975.

   ■ Baião, António. A Inquisição em Portugal e no Brasil: Subsídios para a sua história. Lisbon: Arquivo Histórico Portugues, 1906. Bethencourt, Francisco. "Portugal: A Scrupulous Inquisition," In Bengt Ankarloo and Gustav Henningsen, eds., Early Modern Witchcraft: Centres and Peripheries, 403-22. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.

   ■. "Os equilíbrios sociais do Poder." In José Mattoso, ed., Historia De Portugal, Vol. 3, No Alvorecer Da Modernidade ( 1480-1620). Lisbon: Estampa, 1993.

   ■. História das Inquisições: Portugal, Espanha e Itália. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1994.

   ■ Braga, Maria Luísa. A Inquisição em Portugal na primeira metade do Séc. XVIII. Lisbon: Inst. Nacional de Investigação Científica, 1992.

   ■ Haliczer, Stephen, ed. Inquisition and Society in Early Modern Europe. London: Croom Helm, 1987.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. Reprint. New York: AMS Press, 1968.

   ■ Magalhães, Joaquim Romero. "Em Busca dos Tempos da Inquisição (15731615)." Revista de História das Ideias 9 (1987): 191-228.

   ■ Mea, Elvira Cunha Azevedo. A Inquisição de Coimbra no Século XVI. Oporto, 1989.

   ■ Mendonça, José Lourenço D. de, and António Joaquim Moreira. História da Inquisição em Portugal. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1980.

   ■ Novinsky, Anita, and Luísa M. Carneiro, eds. Inquisição: Ensaios sobre Mentalidade, Heresias e Arte. Rio de Janeiro: Expressão e Cultura, 1992.

   ■ Pereira, Isais da Rosa. Documentos para a história da Inquisição em Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Rego, Yvonne Cunha, ed. Feiticeiros, Profetas e Visionários: Textos Antigos Portugueses. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional e Casa da Moeda, 1981.

   ■ Saraiva, António José. Inquisição e cristãos-novos. Lisbon: Estampa, 1985.

   ■ Walker, Timothy Dale. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of History, Boston University, 2001.

   ■ Literature in English Translation: Selection

   ■ Alcaforado, Mariana. The Letters of a Portuguese Nun ( Mariana Alcaforado). Edgar Prestage, trans. London: D. Nutt, 1893.

   ■ Andrade, Eugénio de. "White on White." Alexis Levitin, trans. Quarterly Review of Literature. Poetry Series VIII. Vol. 27. Princeton, N.J., 1987.

   ■. Another Name for Earth; O outro nome da terra. Alexis Levitin, trans. Ft. Bragg, Calif.: QED Press, 1997.

   ■ Andresen, Sophia de Mello Breyner. Marine Rose: Selected Poems. Ruth Fain-light, trans. Redding Ridge, Conn.: Swan Books, 1989.

   ■ Antunes, António Lobo. South of Nowhere. Elizabeth Lowe, trans. New York: Random House, 1983.

   ■. Fado Alexandrino. Gregory Rabassa, trans. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1990.

   ■. An Explanation of the Birds. Richard Zenith, trans. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1991.

   ■. Act of the Damned. New York: Grove Press, 1995.

   ■. The Natural Order of Things. New York: Grove Press, 2000.

   ■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. The Three Marias: New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. Poems from the Portuguese ( with the Portuguese text). A.

   ■ Bell, trans. Oxford: Blackwell, 1913.

   ■ Camões, Luís de. The Lusiads of Luís de Camões. Leonard Bacon, trans. New York: Hispanic Society of America, 1950.

   ■. The Lusiads. William C. Atkinson, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1952.

   ■. The Lusiads. Landeg White, trans. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

   ■ Castelo Branco, Camilo. Doomed Love ( A Family Memoir). Alice R. Clemente, trans Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1995. Castro, José Maria Ferreira de. Emigrants. Dorothy Ball, trans. New York: Macmillan, 1962.

   ■. Jungle. Charles Duff, trans. New York: Viking, 1935.

   ■. The Mission. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1963.

   ■ Dantas, Júlio. The Cardinals' Collation, 48th ed. A. Saintsbury, trans. London, 1962.

   ■ Dias de Melo. Dark Stones. Gregory McNab, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1996.

   ■ Dinis, Júlio. The Fidalgos of Casa Mourisca. Rosanna Dabney, trans. Boston: D. Lothrop, 1891.

   ■ Garrett, Almeida. Brother Luiz de Sousa [play]. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: Elkin Mathess, 1909.

   ■. Travels in My Homeland. John M. Parker, trans. London: Peter Owen and UNESCO, 1987. Griffin, Jonathan. Camões: Some Poems Translated from the Portuguese by Jonathan Griffin. London: Menard Press, 1976. Jorge, Lídia. The Murmuring Coast. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.

   ■ Lisboa, Eugénio, ed. Portuguese Short Fiction. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1997.

   ■ Lopes, Fernão. The English in Portugal 1367-87: Extracts from the Chronicles of Dom Fernando and Dom João. Derek W. Lomax and R. J. Oakley, eds. and trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■ Macedo, Helder, ed. Contemporary Portuguese Poetry: An Anthology in English. Helder Macedo, et al., trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet New Press, 1978.

   ■ Martins, J. P. De Oliveira. A History of Iberian Civilization. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans.; preface by Salvador de Madariaga. New York: Cooper Square, 1969.

   ■ Mendes Pinto, Fernão. The Travels of Mendes Pinto [Orig. title: Peregrinação].

   ■ Rebecca D. Catz, trans., with introduction and notes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989. Miguéis, José Rodrigues. A Man Smiles at Death with Half a Face. George

   ■ Monteiro, trans. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1991.

   ■. Happy Easter. John Byrne, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.

   ■. Steerage and Ten Other Stories. George Monteiro, ed. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1998. Monteiro, Luís De Sttau. The Rules of the Game. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1965.

   ■ Mourão-Ferreira, David. Lucky in Love. Christine Robinson, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1999. Namora, Fernando. Field of Fate. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1970.

   ■. Mountain Doctor. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1956.

   ■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Inclement Weather over the Channel. Francisco Cota Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1993.

   ■. Stormy Isles: An Azorean Tale. Francisco C. Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 2000.

   ■ Paço D'Arcos, Joaquim. Memoirs of a Banknote. Robert Lyle, trans. London, 1968.

   ■ Pedroso, Consiglieri, comp. Portuguese Folk-Tales. Henriqueta Monteiro, trans. Reprint of orig. 1882 ed. New York: Benjamin Blom, 1969.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. Fernando Pessoa: Sixty Portuguese Poems. F. E. G. Quintanilha, ed. and trans. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1971.

   ■. Selected Poems: Fernando Pessoa. 2nd rev. ed. Jonathan Griffin, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1982.

   ■. The Book of Disquiet. Alfred MacAdams, trans. New York: Pantheon, 1991.

   ■. Fernando Pessoa: Selected Poems. Peter Rickard, ed. and trans. Edinburgh, U.K.: Edinburgh University Press, 1991.

   ■. "The Mariner: A 'Static Drama' in One Act." In Translation: Portugal.

   ■ George Ritchie, et al., trans. The Journal of Literary Translation. Vol. XXV, 38-56. New York: Translation Center, Columbia University, 1991.

   ■. Message: Bilingual Edition. Jonathan Griffin, trans. London: Menard Press and King's College, 1992.

   ■ Pires, José Cardoso. Ballad of a Dog's Beach. Mary Fitton, trans. London: J. M. Dent, 1986.

   ■ Queirós, José Maria Eça de. Cousin Bazilio. Roy Campbell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1953.

   ■. The Relic. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1954.

   ■. The City and the Mountains. Roy Campbell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1955.

   ■. The Sin of Father Amaro. Nan Flanagan, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1962.

   ■. The Maias. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1965.

   ■. The Illustrious House of Ramires. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

   ■. Letters from England. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1970.

   ■. To the Capital. John Vetch, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.

   ■ Quental, Antero de. Sixty-four Sonnets. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: David Nutt, 1894.

   ■ Redol, Alves. The Man with Seven Names. L. L. Barrett, trans. New York: Knopf, 1964.

   ■ Resende, André de. André deResende's 'Poema Latina'/ 'Latinpoems.' J. C. R. Martyn, ed. and trans. Lewiston N.Y.: Lampeter and Edwin Mellen, 1998. Ribeiro, Aquilino. When the Wolves Howl. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. New York: Macmillan; London: Cape, 1963. Sá Carneiro, Mário de. The Great Shadow ( and Other Stories). Margaret Jull Costa, trans. Sawtry, U.K.: Dedalus, 1996. Santareno, Bernardo. The Promise. Nelson H. Vieira, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1981.

   ■ Saramago, José. Baltasar and Blimunda. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1987.

   ■. The Stone Raft. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.

   ■. The Year of the Death of Ricardo Reis. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.

   ■. The History of the Siege of Lisbon. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1996.

   ■. Blindness. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1999.

   ■. Tale of the Unknown Island. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2000.

   ■. All the Names. Margaret Jull Costa, trans. New York: Harcourt, 2000.

   ■. Journey to Portugal. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2001.

   ■ Sena, Jorge de. The Poetry of Jorge de Sena: A Bilingual Selection. Frederick G. Williams et al., trans. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Mudborn Press, 1980.

   ■. By the Rivers of Babylon and Other Stories. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1989.

   ■ Vicente, Gil. Four Plays of Gil Vicente: Edited from the Editio Princeps ( 1562). Aubrey F. G. Bell, ed. and trans. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1920.

   ■. Lyrics of Gil Vicente. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Hispanic Notes and Monographs, Portuguese Series 1, 1921.

   ■. The Play of Rubena. Jack E. Tomlins, trans.; Rene P. Garay and José I. Suarez, eds. New York: National Hispanic Foundation for Humanities, 1993.

   ■. The Boat Plays. David Johnston, trans. and adaptation. London: Oberon, 1996.

   ■. Three Discovery Plays. Anthony Lappin, trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1997.

   ■ Vieira, António. Dust Thou Art. Rev. W. Anderson, trans. London, 1882.

   ■ Portuguese and Portuguese-American Cooking: Cuisine

   ■ Anderson, Jean. Food of Portugal. New York: Hearst, 1994. Asselin, E. Donald. A Portuguese-American Cookbook. Rutland, Vt.: Charles E. Tuttle, 1966.

   ■ Bourne, Ursula. Portuguese Cookery. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1973. Crato, Maria Helena Tavares. Cozinha Portuguesa I, II. Lisbon: Editorial Presença, 1978.

   ■ Dienhart, Miriam, and Anne Emerson, ed. Cooking in Portugal. Cascais: American Women of Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Feibleman, Peter S. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. New York: Time-Life Books; Foods of the World, 1969.

   ■ Koehler, Margaret H. Recipes from the Portuguese of Provincetown. Riverside, Conn.: Chatham Press, 1973. Manjny, Maite. The Home Book of Portuguese Cookery. London: Faber & Faber, 1974.

   ■ Marques, Susan Lowndes. Good Food from Spain and Portugal. London: Muller, 1956.

   ■ Modesto, Maria de Lourdes. Cozinha Tradicional Portuguesa. Lisbon: Verbo, 1982.

   ■ Ortiz, Elisabeth Lambert. The Food of Spain and Portugal. The Complete Iberian Cuisine. New York: Atheneum, 1989. Pinto, Elvira. La Bonne Cuisine Portugaise. Paris: Edicions Garanciere, 1985.

   ■ Robertson, Carol. Portuguese Cooking: The Authentic and Robust Cuisine of Portugal. Berkeley Calif.: North Atlantic, 1993. Schmaeling, Tony. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. Ware, U.K.: Omega, 1983.

   ■ Vieira, Édite. The Taste of Portugal. London: Robinson, 1989.

   ■ Von Treskow, Maria. Zü Gast in Portugal: Eine Kulnarische Reise in Garten Europas. Weingarten: Kunstverlag, 1989. Wright, Carol. Portuguese Food. London: Dent, 1969.

   ■. Self-catering in Portugal: Making the Most of Local Food and Drink. London: Croom Helm, 1986.

   ■ Gardens and Gardening of Portugal and Madeira

   ■ Afonso, Simonetta Luz, and Angela Delaforce. Palace of Queluz— The Gardens. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Araújo, Iluídio Alves de. Arte Paisagista e Arte das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1962.

   ■ Azeredo, Francisco de. Casas Senhoriais Portuguesas. Barcelos, 1986.

   ■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. New York: Scala Books, 1987.

   ■ Bowe, Patrick, and Nicolas Sapieha. Gardens of Portugal. New York: Scala Books and Harper and Row, 1989.

   ■ Cane, Florence du. The Flowers and Gardens of Madeira. London, 1924.

   ■ Cardoso, Pedro Homem, and Helder Carita. Da Grandeza das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Carita, Helder, and Homem Cardoso. Portuguese Gardens. London: Antique Collector's Club, 1987.

   ■ Costa, António da, and Luís de O. Franquinho. Madeira: Plantas e Floras. Funchal, 1986.

   ■ Nichols, Rose Standish. Spanish and Portuguese Gardens. Boston, 1926.

   ■ Pereira, Arthur D. Sintra and Its Farm Manors. Sintra, 1983.

   ■ Sampaio, Gonçalo. Flora Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1946.

   ■ Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1945.

   ■ Underwood, John, and Pat Underwood. Landscapes of Madeira. London, 1980.

   ■ Vieira, Rui. Flowers of Madeira. Funchal, 1973.

   ■ Viterbo, Francisco Marques de Sousa. A Jardinagem em Portugal, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1906-9.

   ■ Education, Science, Health, and Medical History

   ■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Estudos de História, 3 vols. Coimbra, 1973-81.

   ■. Ciência e experiência nos Descobrimentos portugueses. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■. Para a História de Ciência em Portugal. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■. As Navegaçoes E A Sua Projecção Na Ciência E Na Cultura. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Baião, Antônio. Episódios Dramáticos da Inquisição Portuguesa, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1936-55.

   ■ Cabreira, Antônio. Portugal nos mares e nas ciências. Lisbon, 1929. Carvalho, Rômulo de. A Astronomia em Portugal (séc. xviii). Lisbon, 1985. Fernandes, Barahona. Egas Moniz: Pioneiro de descobrimentos médicos. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Gaitonde, P. D. Portuguese Pioneers in India: Spotlight on Medicine. London: Sangam Books, 1983.

   ■ Hanson, Carl A. "Portuguese Cosmology in the Late Seventeenth Century." In Benjamin F. Taggie and Richard W. Clement, eds., Iberia & the Mediterranean, 75-85. Warrensburg: Central Missouri State University, 1989.

   ■ Higgins, Michael H., and Charles F. S. de Winton. Survey of Education in Portugal. London, 1942.

   ■ Hirsch, Elizabeth Feist. Damião de Góis: The Life and Thought of a Portuguese Humanist. The Hague, 1967.

   ■ Lemos, Maximiano. Arquivos de História da Medicina Portuguesa. Several vols. Lisbon, 1886-1923. Vol. I. História da Medicina em Portugal. Doutrina e Instituições. Lisbon, 1899.

   ■ Mira, Matias Ferreira de. História da Medicina Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ Orta, Garcia de. Colóquios dos Simples e Drogas e Cousas Medicinais da India. Conde de Ficalho, ed., 2 vols. Lisbon, 1891-95.

   ■ Osório, J. Pereira. História e Desenvolvimento da Ciência em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1986-89.

   ■ Pina, Luís de. "Uma prioridade portuguesa do século XVI. João de Barros e a Dactiloscópia Oriental." Arquivo da Repartição de Antropologia Criminal IV (1936).

   ■. "As Ciências na História do Império Colonial Português — Séculos XV a XIX." Anais de Faculdade de Ciências do Porto ( 1939-10).

   ■. "Os Portugueses Mestres de Ciência e Metras no Estrangeiro." Actas do Congresso do Mundo Português. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■. "A Ciência em Portugal (bosquejo Histórico)." In Secretariado Nacional da Informação, ed., Portugal: Breviário Da Pátria Para Os Portugueses Ausentes, 277-301. Lisbon, 1946.

   ■ Richards, Robert A. C., ed. Guide to World Science: Vol. 9: Spain and Portugal, 2nd ed. Guernsey, U.K.: F. H. Books, 1974.

   ■ Saraiva, António José. História da Cultura em Portugal, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1950-62.

   ■ ———. "João de Barros." In Serrao, ed., Dicionário de História de Portugal 1 (1963): 307-8.

   ■ Silvestre Ribeiro, José. História dos Establecimentos Scientíficos, Literários e Artísticos de Portugal nos Successivos Reinados da Monarchia, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1871-83.

   ■ Veiga-Pires, J. A., and Ronald G. Grainger, eds. Pioneers in Angiography: The Portuguese School ofAngiography. Lancaster, U.K.: MTP Press, 1982.

   ■ Walker, Timothy. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, History Department, Boston University, 2001.

   ■ Feminism and Women's Studies

   ■ Barbosa, Madelena. "Women in Portugal." Women's Studies International Quarterly 4 (1981): 477-80.

   ■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. Novas Cartas Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1972.

   ■ ———. The Three Marias. New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

   ■ Brettell, Caroline B. We Have Already Cried Many Tears: The Stories of Three Portuguese Migrant Women. Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman, 1982.

   ■ Ferreira, Virginia. "Engendering Portugal: Social Change, State Politics, and Women's Social Mobilization." In António Costa Pinto, ed., Modern Portugal, 162-88. Palo Alto, Calif.: SPOSS, 1998.

   ■ Goodwin, Mary. "Portuguese Feminism." Portuguese Studies Newsletter 17 (Spring-Summer 1987): 12-13.

   ■ Lamas, Maria. As Mulheres do Meu País. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ "Mulheres Portuguesas e Feminismo." Análise Social [special number on Portuguese Women and Feminism] 22 (1986): 92-93.

   ■ Osório, Ana de Castro. As Mulheres Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1905.

   ■ Sadlier, Darlene J. The Question of How: Women Writers and New Portuguese Literature. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood; Contributions in Women's Studies, no. 109, 1989.

   ■ Silva, Manuela. The Employment of Women in Portugal. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications, European Communities, 1984. Velho da Costa, Maria. Maina Mendes. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Vicente, Ana, and Maria Reynolds de Souza. Family Planning in Portugal. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Religion and Catholic Church

   ■ Almeida, Fortunato de. História da Igreja em Portugal. 6 vols. Coimbra, 1910-24, and Oporto, 1967-72. Alonso, Joaquim Maria. The Secret of Fátima: Fact and Legend. Cambridge, Mass.: Ravengate Press, 1979. Alves, José da Felicidade, ed. Católicos e política de Humberto Delgado à Marcelo Caetano. Lisbon, 1969. Araújo, Miguel de, ed. Dicionario político; 1; Os Bispos e a revoluçao de Abril. Lisbon, 1976. Bishko, Charles Julian. Spanish and Portuguese Monastic History 600-1300. London, Variorum Reprints, 1984.

   ■ Blanshard, Paul. Freedom and Catholic Power in Spain and Portugal. Boston: Beacon Press, 1962.

   ■ Boxer, C. R. The Church Militant and Iberian Expansion 1440-1770. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978. Bruneau, Thomas C. "Church and State in Portugal: Crises of Cross and Sword." Journal of Church and State XVIII (1976): 463-90. Freire, José Geraldes. Resistência Católico ao Salazarismo-Marcelismo. Oporto, 1976.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. John C. Banner, trans. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1962.

   ■ IPOPE. Estudo sobre liberdade e religião em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973. Johnston, Francis. Fátima: The Great Sign. Chulmleigh, U.K.: Augustine Publications, 1980.

   ■ Kondor, Fr. Louis. Fátima in Lucia's Own Words: Sister Lucia's Memoirs. Fatima: Postulation Center, 1976. Lourenço, Joaquim Maria. Situação jurídica da Igreja em Portugal. Coimbra, 1943.

   ■ Mattoso, José. Religião e Cultura na Idade Média Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1982. Miller, Samuel J. Portugal and Rome c. 1748-1830: An Aspect of Catholic Enlightenment. Rome: Universita Gregoriana Editrice, 1978. O'Malley, John W. The First Jesuits. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993.

   ■ Pattee, Richard. Portugal and the Portuguese World. Milwaukee, Wisc.: Bruce, 1957.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. Portugal: A Pioneer of Christianity. Lisbon, 1945.

   ■ Richard, Robert. Etudes sur l'histoire morale et religieuse de Portugal. Paris: Centro Cultural de Gulbenkian, 1970.

   ■ Robinson, Richard A. H. "The Religious Question and Catholic Revival in Portugal, 1900-1930." Journal of Contemporary History XII (1977): 345-62.

   ■. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, R. P. Francisco. História da Companhia de Jesus na Assistência de Portugal, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1931-50.

   ■ Roth, Cecil. A History of the Marranos. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1932.

   ■ Agriculture, Viticulture, and Fishing

   ■ Abreu-Ferreira, Darlene. "The Portuguese in Newfoundland: Documentary Evidence Examined." Portuguese Studies Review 4, 1 (1995-96): 11-33.

   ■ Allen, H. Warner. The Wines of Portugal. London: Michael Joseph, 1963.

   ■ Barros, Afonso de. A reforma agrária em Portugal. Oeiras, 1979.

   ■ Beamish, Huldine V. The Hills of Alentejo. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1958.

   ■ Bennett, Norman R. "The Golden Age of the Port Wine System, 1781-1807." The International History Review XII (1990): 221-18.

   ■ Black, Richard. "The Myth of Subsistence: Market Production in the Small Farm Sector of Northern Portugal." Iberian Studies 1, 8 (1989): 25-41.

   ■ Bravo, Pedro, and Duarte de Oliveira. Viticulture Moderna. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. Vinhas e Vinhos De Portugal. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Cabral, Manuel V. "Agrarian Structures and Recent Movements in Portugal." Journal of Peasant Studies 4, 5 (July 1978): 411-45.

   ■ Cardoso, José Carvalho. A Agricultura Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Carvalho, Bento de. Guía Dos Vinhos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Clarke, Robert. Open Boat Whaling in the Azores: The History and Present Methods of a Relic Industry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954.

   ■ Cockburn, Ernest. Port Wine and Oporto. London: Wine & Spirit, 1949. Cole, S. C. "Cod, Cod Country and Family: The Portuguese Newfoundland Fishery." Mast 3, 1 (1990): 1-29.

   ■ Coull, James. The Fisheries of Europe. London: G. Bell & Sons, 1972.

   ■ Croft-Cooke, Rupert. Port. London: Putnam, 1957.

   ■. Madeira. London: Putnam, 1961.

   ■ Delaforce, John. The Factory House at Oporto. London: Christie's Wine Publications, 1979 and later eds.

   ■ Doel, Patricia A. Port O'Call: Memories of the Portuguese White Fleet in St. John's Newfoundland. St. John's, Newfoundland: ISER, 1992.

   ■ Fletcher, Wyndham. Port: An Introduction to Its History and Delights. London: Bernet, 1978.

   ■ Francis, A. D. The Wine Trade. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1972.

   ■ Freitas, Eduardo, João Ferreira de Almeida, and Manuel Villaverde Cabral. Modalidades de penetração do capitalismo na agricultura: estruturas agrárias em Portugal Continental, 1950-1970. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Gonçalves, Francisco Esteves. Portugal: A Wine Country. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Gulbenkian Foundation. Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Kurlansky, Mark. Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World. New York: Walker, 1997.

   ■ Malefakis, Edward. "Two Iberian Land Reforms Compared: Spain, 1931-1936 and Portugal, 1974—1978." In Gulbenkian Foundation, Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Moreira da Fonseca, A. Port Wine: Notes on Its History, Production and Technology. Oporto, 1981.

   ■ Moutinho, M. História da pesca do bacalhau. Lisbon: Imprensa Universitária, 1985.

   ■ Oliveira Marques, A. H. de. lntrodução a história da agricultura em Portugal.

   ■ Lisbon, 1968. Pato, Octávio. O Vinho. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Pearson, Scott R. Portuguese Agriculture in Transition. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987.

   ■ Postgate, Raymond. Portuguese Wine. London: Dent, 1969.

   ■ Read, Jan. The Wines of Portugal. London: Faber & Faber, 1982.

   ■ Robertson, George. Port. London: Faber & Faber, 1982 ed.

   ■ Rutledge, Ian. "Land Reform and the Portuguese Revolution." Journal of Peasant Studies 5, 1 (Oct. 1977): 79-97.

   ■ Sanceau, Elaine. The British Factory at Oporto. Oporto, 1970.

   ■ Simon, Andre L. Port. London: Constable, 1934.

   ■ Simões, J. Os grandes trabalhadores do Mar: Reportagens na Terra Nova e na Groenlândia. Lisbon: Gazeta dos Caminho de Ferro, 1942.

   ■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992: Special Report. New York: Camões Center/RIIC, Columbia University, 1990.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. Landscapes of Bacchus: The Vine in Portugal. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1970.

   ■ Teixeira, Carlos, and Victor M. Pereira da Rosa, eds. The Portuguese in Canada: From the Seat to the City. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.

   ■ Unwin, Tim. "Farmers' Perceptions of Agrarian Change in Northwest Portugal." Journal of Rural Studies 1, 4 (1985): 339-57.

   ■ Valadão do Valle, E. Bacalhau: tradições históricas e económicos. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■ Venables, Bernard. Baleia! The Whalers of Azores. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

   ■ Villiers, Alan. The Quest of the Schooner Argus: A Voyage to the Banks and Greenland. New York: Scribners, 1951. World Bank. Portugal: Agricultural Survey. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.

   ■ ECONOMY, INDUSTRY, AND DEVELOPMENT

   ■ Aiyer, Srivain, and Shahid A. Chandry. Portugal and the E.E.C.: Employment and Implications. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Baklanoff, Eric N. The Economic Transformation of Spain and Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1978.

   ■. "Changing Systems: The Portuguese Revolution and the Public Enterprise Sector." ACES ( Association of Comparative Economic Studies) Bulletin 26 (Summer-Fall 1984): 63-76.

   ■. "Portugal's Political Economy: Old and New." In K. Maxwell and M. Haltzel, eds., Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy, 37-59. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.

   ■ Barbosa, Manuel P. Growth, Migration and the Balance of Payments in a Small, Open Economy. New York: Garland, 1984.

   ■ Braga de Macedo, Jorge, and Simon Serfaty, eds. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1981.

   ■ Carvalho, Camilo, et al. Sabotagem Econômica: " Dossier" Banco Espírito Santo e Comercial de Lisboa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Corkill, David. The Development of the Portuguese Economy: A Case of Euro-peanization. London: Routledge, 1999.

   ■ Cravinho, João. "The Portuguese Economy: Constraints and Opportunities." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 111-65. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Dornsbusch, Rudiger, Richard S. Eckhaus, and Lane Taylor. "Analysis and Projection of Macroeconomic Conditions in Portugal." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 299-330. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ The Economist (London). "On the Edge of Europe: A Survey of Portugal." (June 30, 1981): 3-27.

   ■. "Coming Home: A Survey of Portugal." (May 28, 1988).

   ■. 'The New Iberia: Not Quite Kissing Cousins" [Spain and Portugal]. (May 5, 1990): 21-24.

   ■ Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian and German Marshall Fund of the U.S., eds. II Conferência Internacional sobre e Economia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Hudson, Mark. Portugal to 1993: Investing in a European Future. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit/Special Report No. 11 57/EIU Economic Prospects Series, 1989.

   ■ International Labour Office (ILO). Employment and Basic Needs in Portugal. Geneva: ILO, 1979.

   ■ Kavalsky, Basil, and Surendra Agarwal. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.

   ■ Krugman, Paul, and Jorge Braga de Macedo. "The Economic Consequences of the April 25th Revolution." Economia III (1979): 455-83.

   ■ Lewis, John R., and Alan M. Williams. "The Sines Project: Portugal's Growth Centre or White Elephant?" Town Planning Review 56, 3 (1985): 339-66.

   ■ Makler, Harry M. "The Consequences of the Survival and Revival of the Industrial Bourgeoisie." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 251-83. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Marques, A. La Politique Economique Portugaise dans la Période de la Dictature ( 1926-1974). Doctoral thesis, 3rd cycle, University of Grenoble, France, 1980.

   ■ Martins, B. Sociedades e grupos em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Mata, Eugenia, and Nuno Valério. História Econômica De Portugal: Uma Perspectiva Global. Lisbon: Edit. Presença, 1994. Murteira, Mário. "The Present Economic Situation: Its Origins and Prospects." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 331-42. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979. OCED. Economic Survey: Portugal: 1988. Paris: OCED, 1988 [see also this series since 1978].

   ■ Pasquier, Albert. L'Economie du Portugal: Données et Problémes de Son Expansion. Paris: Librarie Generale de Droit, 1961. Pereira da Moura, Francisco. Para onde vai e economia portuguesa? Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Pintado, V. Xavier. Structure and Growth of the Portuguese Economy. Geneva: EFTA, 1964.

   ■ Pitta e Cunha, Paulo. "Portugal and the European Economic Community." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 321-38. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. "The Portuguese Economic System and Accession to the European Community." In E. Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 281-300. Lisbon, 1985. Porto, Manuel. "Portugal: Twenty Years of Change." In Alan Williams, ed., Southern Europe Transformed, 84-112. London: Harper & Row, 1984. Quarterly Economic Review. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit, 1974-present.

   ■ Salgado de Matos, Luís. Investimentos Estrangeiros em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973 and later eds.

   ■ Schmitt, Hans O. Economic Stabilisation and Growth in Portugal. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1981.

   ■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Columbia University, 1989.

   ■ Tillotson, John. The Portuguese Bank Note Case [ 1920s]: Legal, Economic and Financial Approaches to the Measure of Damages in Contract. Manchester, U.K.: Faculty of Law, University of Manchester, 1992.

   ■ Tovias, Alfred. Foreign Economic Relations of the Economic Community: The Impact of Spain and Portugal. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1990.

   ■ Valério, Nuno. A moeda em Portugal, 1913-1947. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1984.

   ■. As Finanças Públicas Portuguesas Entre As Duas Guerras Mundiais. Lisbon: Cosmos, 1994.

   ■ World Bank. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978 and to the present.

   ■ PHOTOGRAPHY ON PORTUGAL

   ■ Alves, Afonso Manuel, Antônio Sacchetti, and Moura Machado. Lisboa. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■ Antunes, José. Lisboa do nosso olhar; A look on Lisbon. Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1991. Beaton, Cecil. Near East. London: Batsford, 1943.

   ■. Lisboa 1942: Cecil Beaton, Lisbon 1942. Lisbon: British Historical Society of Portugal/Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1995.

   ■ Bottineau, Yves. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1957.

   ■ Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. 7 Olhares ( Seven Viewpoints). Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1998.

   ■ Capital, A. Lisboa: Imagens d'A Capital. Lisbon: Edit. Notícias, 1984.

   ■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Photographias de Lisboa, 1900 ( Photographs of Lisbon, 1900). Lisbon: Quimera, 1991.

   ■. Os melhores postais antigos de Lisboa ( The best old postcards of Lisbon). Lisbon: Químera, 1995.

   ■ Finlayson, Graham, and Frank Tuohy. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1970.

   ■ Glassner, Helga. Portugal. Berlin-Zurich: Atlantis-Verlag, 1942. Hopkinson, Amanda, ed. Reflections by Ten Portuguese photographers. Bark-way, U.K.: Frontline/Portugal 600, 1996.

   ■ Lima, Luís Leiria, and Isabel Salema. Lisboa de Pedra e Bronze. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■ Martins, Miguel Gomes. Lisboa ribeirinha ( Riverside Lisbon). Lisbon: Arquivo Municipal, Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, Livros Horizonte, 1994. Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa ( This Lisbon). Lisbon: Caminho, 1994. Wohl, Hellmut, and Alice Wohl. Portugal. London: Frederick Muller, 1983.

   ■ EQUESTRIANISM

   ■ Andrade, Manoel Carlos de, Luz da Liberal e Nobre Arte da Cavallaria. Lisbon, 1790.

   ■ Graciosa, Filipe. Escola Portuguesa de Arte Equestre. Lisbon, 2004.

   ■ Horsetalk Magazine. Published in New Zealand.

   ■ Oliveira, Nuno. Reflections on the Equestrian Art. London, 2000.

   ■ Russell, Eleanor, ed. The Truth in the Teaching of Nuno Oliveira. Stanhope,

   ■ Queensland, Australia, 2003. Vilaca, Luis V., and Pedro Yglesias d'Oliveira, eds. LUSITANO. Coudelarias De Portugal. O Cavalo ancestral do Sudoeste da Europa. Lisbon: ICONOM, 2005.

   ■ Websites of interest: www.equestrian.pt portugalweb.com

Historical dictionary of Portugal > CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
18 natural

'næ ərəl
1. adjective
1) (of or produced by nature, not made by men: Coal, oil etc are natural resources; Wild animals are happier in their natural state than in a zoo.) natural

2) (born in a person: natural beauty; He had a natural ability for music.) natural, innato

3) ((of manner) simple, without pretence: a nice, natural smile.) natural

4) (normal; as one would expect: It's quite natural for a boy of his age to be interested in girls.) natural, normal

5) (of a musical note, not sharp or flat: G natural is lower in pitch than G sharp.) natural

2. noun
1) (a person who is naturally good at something.) nato

2) (in music (a sign () indicating) a note which is not to be played sharp or flat.) becuadro

•

- naturalist
- naturally
- natural gas
- natural history
- natural resources

natural adj

1. natural

natural fibres are better than man made ones las fibras naturales son mejores que las sintéticas

2. normal

it's natural to feel afraid of the dark es normal tener miedo a la oscuridad

natural adjetivo 1
a) ‹fenómeno/ingrediente› natural;
‹ fruta› fresh;
◊ al natural ‹ mejillones› in brine

b) ( a temperatura ambiente) ‹cerveza/gaseosa› unchilled

c) (Mús) natural
2
a) ( espontáneo) ‹gesto/persona› natural

b) ( inherente) natural, innate

c) ( normal) natural;

◊ me parece lo más natural del mundo it seems perfectly natural to me
3 (frml) ( nativo) ser natural de to be a native of, to come from ■ sustantivo masculino
a) ( carácter) nature

b) ( nativo) native;

◊ los naturales del lugar people from the area

natural
I adjetivo
1 natural: es una persona muy natural, he's a very natural person (no artificial, fresco) fresh: es una rosa natural, it's a fresh rose
a tamaño natural, life-size
2 (normal, lógico) me parece natural, it seems natural to me
3 (nativo) soy natural de Castilla, I come from Castilla
4 Mat natural
II sustantivo masculino
1 (temperamento, inclinación) nature
2 Arte life: lo pintó del natural, he painted it from life
III mf (oriundo) native ' natural' also found in these entries: Spanish: canal - cien - cruda - crudo - día - emanación - expolio - hijo - limonada - lógica - lógico - luz - mirador - muerte - nata - nato - reserva - sencilla - sencillo - sobrexplotación - tamaña - tamaño - turba - anfiteatro - café - cataclismo - en - franco - gruta - llano - museo - naturalidad - naturismo - naturista - pantano - parque - recurso - riqueza - siniestro English: border - born - curl - designate - fair - full-scale - hail - life - life-size - life-sized - lifelike - mention - native - natural - natural childbirth - naturally - nature reserve - nature trail - plain - process - reserve - successor - sunlight - unaffected - unnatural - unnaturally - unspoilt - wear - wild - wildlife park - die - dry - effortless - environment - flair - full - good - may - might - nature - pond - resource - should - unspoiled - wastage - wilderness

natural

tr['næʧərəl]

adjective

1 natural

■ the natural world el mundo natural

2 (born) nato,-a

■ he's a natural footballer es un futbolista nato

3 (usual) natural, normal

■ it's only natural to feel afraid es normal tener miedo

noun

1 SMALLMUSIC/SMALL (note) nota natural; (sign) becuadro

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to die of natural causes morir por causas naturales, fallecer de muerte natural

natural childbirth parto natural

natural gas gas nombre masculino natural

natural history historia natural

natural resources recursos nombre masculino plural naturales

natural science ciencias nombre femenino plural naturales

natural selection selección nombre femenino natural

natural wastage reducción de plantilla consistente en no substituir a los que se jubilen o se marchen

natural ['næʧərəl] adj

1) : natural, de la naturaleza

natural woodlands: bosques naturales

natural childbirth: parto natural

2) innate: innato, natural

3) unaffected: natural, sin afectación

4) lifelike: natural, vivo

natural n

to be a natural : tener un talento innato (para algo)

natural

adj.

• innato, -a adj.

• nacido, -a adj.

• nativo, -a adj.

• natural adj.

• normal adj.

• propio, -a adj.

• tenue adj.

n.

• becuadro s.m.

• imbécil s.m.

I 'nætʃrəl
adjective

1) ( as in nature) natural

these animals are natural enemies — estos animales son enemigos por naturaleza

I'm a natural blonde — soy rubia natural

death from natural causes — muerte f natural or por causas naturales

2)

a) <talent/propensity> innato

b) (before n) < leaderoublemaker> nato, por naturaleza

c) <reaction/response> natural, normal; < successor> lógico

she's the natural choice for the job — lo natural es que le ofrezcan el puesto a ella

it is natural THAT — es natural que (+ subj)

3) ( not forced) <warmth/enthusiasm/style> natural

4) ( related by blood) <child/parent> biológico

II

noun ( person)

to be a natural — tener* un talento innato

III

adverb

act natural — (colloq) disimula

['nætʃrǝl]
1. ADJ

1) (=occurring naturally) [environment, substance, disaster, remedy] natural

she isn't a natural blonde — no es rubia natural

he died of natural causes — murió de muerte natural

the rest of his natural life — el resto de sus días
die I, 1)
2) (=understandable) [reaction, behaviour, feeling] natural, normal; [mistake] comprensible; [explanation] lógico y natural

it's a perfectly natural mistake to make — es un error totalmente comprensible

there is a perfectly natural explanation — hay una explicación perfectamente lógica y natural

it's only natural — es normal or natural

it's only natural that she should be upset — es normal or natural que esté disgustada

3) (=inborn) [ability, talent] innato; [reaction, fear] instintivo

he had a natural flair for business — tenía un don innato para los negocios

she is a natural leader/athlete — es una líder/atleta innata

natural instinct — instinto m natural

4) (=relaxed, unforced) [person, manner, charm] natural

I was able to be very natural with him — con él pude ser yo mismo

5) (=biological) [father, mother, child] biológico

6) (Mus) natural

2. N

1) (=person)

she's a natural with computers — tiene un don innato para los ordenadores

2) (Mus) (=note) nota f natural; (=sign) becuadro m

3.

CPD

natural causes NPL —

to die of natural causes — morir de muerte natural

natural childbirth N — parto m natural

natural disaster N — desastre m natural

natural gas N — gas m natural

natural history N — historia f natural

natural law N — ley f natural

natural number N — (Math) número m natural

natural philosophy N — filosofía f natural

natural resources NPL — recursos mpl naturales

natural science N — (uncount) ciencias fpl naturales; (count) ciencia f de la naturaleza

natural selection N — selección f natural

by natural selection — por selección natural

natural wastage N — (Brit) (Ind) bajas voluntarias de los empleados de una empresa, y cuyos puestos quedan sin cubrir

the jobs will be lost through natural wastage — los puestos irán desapareciendo a medida que se produzcan bajas voluntarias

* * *

I ['nætʃrəl]
adjective

1) ( as in nature) natural

these animals are natural enemies — estos animales son enemigos por naturaleza

I'm a natural blonde — soy rubia natural

death from natural causes — muerte f natural or por causas naturales

2)

a) <talent/propensity> innato

b) (before n) <leader/troublemaker> nato, por naturaleza

c) <reaction/response> natural, normal; < successor> lógico

she's the natural choice for the job — lo natural es que le ofrezcan el puesto a ella

it is natural THAT — es natural que (+ subj)

3) ( not forced) <warmth/enthusiasm/style> natural

4) ( related by blood) <child/parent> biológico

II

noun ( person)

to be a natural — tener* un talento innato

III

adverb

act natural — (colloq) disimula

English-spanish dictionary > natural
19 rest

I
1. rest noun
1) (a (usually short) period of not working etc after, or between periods of, effort; (a period of) freedom from worries etc: Digging the garden is hard work - let's stop for a rest; Let's have/take a rest; I need a rest from all these problems - I'm going to take a week's holiday.) descanso, reposo

2) (sleep: He needs a good night's rest.) descanso, sueño

3) (something which holds or supports: a book-rest; a headrest on a car seat.) apoyo, soporte

4) (a state of not moving: The machine is at rest.) en reposo

2. verb
1) (to (allow to) stop working etc in order to get new strength or energy: We've been walking for four hours - let's stop and rest; Stop reading for a minute and rest your eyes; Let's rest our legs.) descansar, reposar

2) (to sleep; to lie or sit quietly in order to get new strength or energy, or because one is tired: Mother is resting at the moment.) descansar, reposar(se)

3) (to (make or allow to) lean, lie, sit, remain etc on or against something: Her head rested on his shoulder; He rested his hand on her arm; Her gaze rested on the jewels.) descansar sobre, apoyar(se)

4) (to relax, be calm etc: I will never rest until I know the murderer has been caught.) relajarse, estar tranquilo

5) (to (allow to) depend on: Our hopes now rest on him, since all else has failed.) depender de

6) ((with with) (of a duty etc) to belong to: The choice rests with you.) corresponder

•

- restful
- restfully
- restfulness
- restless
- restlessly
- restlessness
- rest-room
- at rest
- come to rest
- lay to rest
- let the matter rest
- rest assured
- set someone's mind at rest
II rest
- the rest

rest¹ n

1. descanso / reposo

I'm tired, I need a rest estoy cansado, necesito un descanso

2. los demás

where are the rest of the players? ¿dónde están los demás jugadores?

3. el resto

he ate one bite and threw away the rest comió un bocado y tiró el resto a la basura

rest² vb

1. descansar

we'll rest when we reach the top descansaremos cuando lleguemos a la cima

2. apoyar

he rested his feet on the stool apoyó los pies en el taburete

rest

tr[rest]

intransitive verb

1 quedar

■ the matter won't rest here el asunto no quedará así

■ you may rest assured that... puede tener la seguridad de que...

noun the rest

1 el resto

■ I spent half of the money and put the rest in the bank gasté la mitad del dinero y metí el resto en el banco

■ we'll eat one trout and freeze the rest comeremos una de las truchas y congelaremos las otras

■ Tom came, but the rest stayed at home vino Tom, pero los demás se quedaron en casa

————————

rest

tr[rest]

noun

1 (repose) descanso, reposo

■ I need a rest necesito descansar

2 (peace) paz nombre femenino, tranquilidad nombre femenino

■ they don't give me a moment's rest no me dejan tranquilo ni un momento

3 (support) soporte nombre masculino; (in snooker etc) diablo; (for head) reposacabezas nombre masculino; (for arms) apoyabrazos nombre masculino

transitive verb

1 (relax) descansar

■ take off your boots and rest your feet quítate las botas y descansa los pies

2 (lean) apoyar

■ rest the shotgun against the tree apoya la escopeta contra el árbol

■ rest your head on my shoulder apoya la cabeza en mi hombro

intransitive verb

1 (relax) descansar

■ this tablet will help you to rest esta pastilla te ayudará a descansar

2 (be calm) quedarse tranquilo,-a

■ I shall not rest until I know the answer no me quedaré tranquilo hasta que sepa la respuesta

3 (depend) depender (on, de)

■ his whole argument rests on one piece of evidence todo su argumento depende de una sola prueba

transitive verb

1 (lean) apoyar

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

at rest en reposo

give it a rest! ¡déjalo ya!, ¡basta ya!

Rest in peace Descanse en paz

to come to rest pararse

to lay to rest enterrar

to set somebody's mind at rest tranquilizar a alguien

rest cure cura de reposo

rest room SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL servicios nombre masculino plural

rest home (for the ill) casa de reposo 2 (for the elderly) asilo

rest ['rɛst] vi

1) repose: reposar, descansar

2) relax: quedarse tranquilo

3) stop: pararse, detenerse

4) depend: basarse (en), descansar (sobre), depender (de)

the decision rests with her: la decisión pesa sobre ella

5)

to rest on : apoyarse en, descansar sobre

to rest on one's arm: apoyarse en el brazo

rest vt

1) relax: descansar

2) support: apoyar

3)

to rest one's eyes on : fijar la mirada en

rest n

1) relaxation, repose: reposo m, descanso m

2) support: soporte m, apoyo m

3) : silencio m (en música)

4) remainder: resto m

5)

to come to rest : pararse

rest

n.

• descanso s.m.

• espera s.f.

• feria s.f.

• huelga s.f.

• parada s.f.

• pausa s.f.

• paz s.f.

• poso s.m.

• reposo s.m.

• restante s.m.

• resto s.m.

• silencio s.m.

v.

• apoyarse v.

• descansar v.

• quedar v.

• reposar v.

• sestear v.

• sosegar v.

rest
I

1) noun

Sense I

2)

a) c ( break) descanso m

to have a rest — tomarse un descanso

rest FROM something: I need a rest from cooking/work necesito descansar de la cocina/de mi trabajo; to give something a rest (colloq) dejar de hacer algo; give it a rest! — basta ya!, cambia de disco! (fam)

b) u ( relaxation) descanso m, reposo m

try to get some/a good night's rest — trata de descansar un poco/de dormir bien esta noche

to lay somebody to rest — (euph) enterrar* or (frml) dar* sepultura a alguien

to lay something to rest — enterrar* algo; (before n) <day, period> de descanso

3) u ( motionlessness) reposo m

to come to rest — detenerse*

his eyes came to rest on the letter — sus ojos se posaron sobre la carta (liter)

4) c ( support) apoyo m

5) c ( Mus) silencio m

Sense II

6) ( remainder)

the rest: the rest of the money el resto del dinero, el dinero restante; the rest of them have finished los demás han terminado; the rest of the children los demás niños, los otros niños; and all the rest of it — y todo eso, etcétera, etcétera

II
1.

intransitive verb

1)

a) ( relax) descansar

he could not rest until he knew she was safe — no se tranquilizó hasta saber que estaba a salvo

to rest easy — estar* tranquilo

b) ( lie buried) (liter) descansar (liter)

may she rest in peace — que en paz descanse

2)

a) ( be supported)

to rest ON something: his head rested on my shoulder tenía la cabeza recostada en or apoyada sobre mi hombro; the structure rests on eight massive pillars — la estructura descansa sobre ocho columnas gigantescas

b) (be based, depend)

to rest ON something — \<\<argument/theory\>\> estar* basado or basarse en algo, descansar sobre algo

c) ( stop)

to rest ON something/somebody — \<\<eyes/gaze\>\> detenerse* or (liter) posarse sobre algo/alguien

3)

a) ( remain)

let the matter rest — mejor no decir (or hacer etc) nada más

b) ( be responsibility of)

to rest WITH somebody — \<\<responsibility\>\> recaer* sobre alguien

c) ( Law)

the prosecution/defense rests — ha terminado el alegato del fiscal/de la defensa

2.

vt

1) ( relax) descansar

I stopped for a while to rest my feet/eyes — paré un rato para descansar los pies/ojos; case I 5)

2) ( place for support) apoyar

she rested her elbows on the table — apoyó or puso los codos sobre la mesa

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- rest up

I [rest]
1. N

1) (=repose) descanso m

I need a rest — necesito descansar, me hace falta un descanso

• to be at rest — (=not moving) estar en reposo; euph (=dead) descansar

• to come to rest — [ball, vehicle, person] pararse, detenerse; [bird, insect, eyes, gaze] posarse

her eyes came to rest on the book — su mirada se posó en el libro

• day of rest — día m de descanso

• I need a rest from gardening — me hace falta descansar de la jardinería

• try to get some rest — intenta descansar

• to give sth a rest — dejar algo (por un tiempo)

I think you ought to give football a rest — creo que deberías dejar el fútbol por un tiempo

give it a rest! * — ¡déjalo ya!, ¡vale ya! *

• to have or take a rest — tomarse un descanso

why don't you have or take a rest? — (=take a break) ¿por qué no te tomas un descanso?; (=lie down) ¿por qué no descansas un rato?

to have a good night's rest — dormir bien

• to lay sb to rest — enterrar a algn

• to lay or put sth to rest — [+ theory] enterrar algo

his speech should lay those fears to rest — su discurso debería acabar con or enterrar esos temores
bed 3., change 1., 1), mind 1., 1), wicked
2) (Mus) silencio m

3) (=support) apoyo m, soporte m ; (Billiards) soporte m ; (Telec) horquilla f

2. VT

1) (=give rest to) descansar

try to rest the ankle as much as possible — intente descansar el tobillo lo más que pueda

the horses have to be rested — hay que dejar descansar a los caballos

I feel very rested — me siento muy descansado

• to rest o.s. — descansar

• God rest his soul! — ¡Dios le acoja en su seno!

2) (=support) apoyar (on en, sobre) ( against contra)

rest the ladder against the tree — apoya la escalera contra el árbol

to rest one's hand on sb's shoulder — apoyar la mano en el hombro de algn

3) (=settle)

• to rest one's eyes/ gaze on sth — posar la mirada en algo

4) (Jur)

• to rest one's case — concluir su alegato

I rest my case — concluyo mi alegato; (fig) hum he dicho

3. VI

1) (=repose) descansar

go back to bed and rest — vuelve a la cama y descansa

the waves never rest — las olas no descansan nunca

he won't rest until he finds out the truth — no descansará hasta que descubra la verdad

• may he rest in peace — euph que en paz descanse
laurel
2) (=lean, be supported) [person] apoyarse (on en); [roof, structure] estar sostenido (on por); (fig) [responsibility] pesar (on sobre)

he rested on his spade for a while — se apoyó en la pala un rato

his head was resting on her shoulder — tenía la cabeza apoyada en su hombro

her arm rested on my chair — su brazo estaba apoyado en mi silla

her elbows were resting on the table — tenía los codos apoyados en la mesa

the ladder was resting against the wall — la escalera estaba apoyada contra la pared

a heavy responsibility rests on him — sobre él pesa una grave responsabilidad

3) (=alight) [eyes, gaze] posarse

his eyes rested on me — su mirada se posó en mí

4) (=depend, be based) [argument, case] basarse (on en); [sb's future] depender (on de)

the future of the country rests on how we teach our children — el futuro del país depende de la enseñanza que demos a nuestros hijos

5) (=be, remain) quedar

we cannot let the matter rest there — no podemos permitir que la cosa quede ahí

• the decision rests with her, it rests with her to decide — la decisión la tiene que tomar ella, ella es la que tiene que decidir, la decisión es suya
assure, easy 1., 2)
6) (Theat)
euph
to be resting — no tener trabajo

7) (Jur)

the defence/prosecution rests — la defensa/el fiscal concluye su alegato

4.

CPD

rest area N — (Aut) área f de descanso

rest cure N — cura f de reposo

rest day N — día m de descanso

rest home N — residencia f de ancianos, asilo m (de ancianos)

rest period N — período m de descanso

rest room N — (US) servicios mpl, baño(s) m(pl) (LAm)

rest stop N — (=pause) parada f para descansar, parada f de descanso
(Aut) = rest area
- rest up

II

[rest]
N
the rest — (=remainder) [of money, food, month] el resto; [of people, things] el resto, los/las demás

I'm taking the rest of the week off — me tomaré el resto or lo que queda de la semana libre

the dog ate the rest — el perro se comió el resto or lo que sobró

you go home - I'll do the rest — tú vete a casa, yo hago lo demás or lo que queda

I'll take half of the money - you keep the rest — yo me llevo la mitad del dinero, tú te quedas con el resto

the rest of the money — el resto del dinero

all the rest of the money — todo lo que sobró del dinero

they left the rest of the meal untouched — no tocaron el resto de la comida

the rest stayed outside — los demás se quedaron fuera

the rest of us will wait here — los demás esperaremos aquí

the rest of the boys — los otros chicos, los demás chicos

he was as drunk as the rest of them — estaba tan borracho como los demás

the rest of them couldn't care less — a los demás or a los otros les trae sin cuidado

what shall we give the rest of them? — ¿qué les daremos a los otros?

the rest of the soldiers — los otros soldados, los demás soldados

I will take this book and you keep the rest — yo me llevo este libro y tú quédate con los demás

all the rest of the books — todos los demás libros, todos los otros libros

it was just another grave like all the rest — no era más que otra tumba, como todas las demás or todas las otras

and all the rest (of it) * — etcétera, etcétera *

he was from a wealthy family, went to Eton, Oxford and all the rest of it — era de familia rica, estudió en Eton, Oxford etcétera, etcétera *

she was a deb and all the rest of it * — era debutante y todo lo demás

(as) for the rest — por lo demás

only there did his age show, for the rest, he might have been under seventy — solo en eso se le notaba la edad, por lo demás, podía haber tenido menos de setenta años
history
* * *
[rest]
I

1) noun

Sense I

2)

a) c ( break) descanso m

to have a rest — tomarse un descanso

rest FROM something: I need a rest from cooking/work necesito descansar de la cocina/de mi trabajo; to give something a rest (colloq) dejar de hacer algo; give it a rest! — basta ya!, cambia de disco! (fam)

b) u ( relaxation) descanso m, reposo m

try to get some/a good night's rest — trata de descansar un poco/de dormir bien esta noche

to lay somebody to rest — (euph) enterrar* or (frml) dar* sepultura a alguien

to lay something to rest — enterrar* algo; (before n) <day, period> de descanso

3) u ( motionlessness) reposo m

to come to rest — detenerse*

his eyes came to rest on the letter — sus ojos se posaron sobre la carta (liter)

4) c ( support) apoyo m

5) c ( Mus) silencio m

Sense II

6) ( remainder)

the rest: the rest of the money el resto del dinero, el dinero restante; the rest of them have finished los demás han terminado; the rest of the children los demás niños, los otros niños; and all the rest of it — y todo eso, etcétera, etcétera

II
1.

intransitive verb

1)

a) ( relax) descansar

he could not rest until he knew she was safe — no se tranquilizó hasta saber que estaba a salvo

to rest easy — estar* tranquilo

b) ( lie buried) (liter) descansar (liter)

may she rest in peace — que en paz descanse

2)

a) ( be supported)

to rest ON something: his head rested on my shoulder tenía la cabeza recostada en or apoyada sobre mi hombro; the structure rests on eight massive pillars — la estructura descansa sobre ocho columnas gigantescas

b) (be based, depend)

to rest ON something — \<\<argument/theory\>\> estar* basado or basarse en algo, descansar sobre algo

c) ( stop)

to rest ON something/somebody — \<\<eyes/gaze\>\> detenerse* or (liter) posarse sobre algo/alguien

3)

a) ( remain)

let the matter rest — mejor no decir (or hacer etc) nada más

b) ( be responsibility of)

to rest WITH somebody — \<\<responsibility\>\> recaer* sobre alguien

c) ( Law)

the prosecution/defense rests — ha terminado el alegato del fiscal/de la defensa

2.

vt

1) ( relax) descansar

I stopped for a while to rest my feet/eyes — paré un rato para descansar los pies/ojos; case I 5)

2) ( place for support) apoyar

she rested her elbows on the table — apoyó or puso los codos sobre la mesa

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- rest up

English-spanish dictionary > rest
20 select

sə'lekt
1. verb
(to choose or pick from among a number: She selected a blue dress from the wardrobe; You have been selected to represent us on the committee.) escoger, elegir, seleccionar

2. adjective
1) (picked or chosen carefully: A select group of friends was invited.) selecto, escogido

2) (intended only for carefully chosen (usually rich or upper-class) people: That school is very select.) selecto

•

- selection
- selective
- sellectively
- selectiveness
- selector

select vb seleccionar / elegir / escoger

Otra palabra que quiere decir lo mismo es choose

select

tr[sɪ'lekt]

transitive verb

1 (thing) escoger, elegir; (team, player, candidate) seleccionar

adjective

1 (audience etc) selecto,-a, escogido,-a; (club, area, etc) selecto,-a, exclusivo,-a, distinguido,-a; (fruit, wine) selecto,-a, de primera calidad

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

select committee SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL comisión nombre femenino de investigación, comisión nombre femenino investigadora

select [sə'lɛkt] vt

: escoger, elegir, seleccionar (a un candidato, etc.)

select adj

: selecto

select

adj.

• escogido, -a adj.

• eximio, -a adj.

• florido, -a adj.

• selecto, -a adj.

v.

• acotar v.

• elegir v.

• entresacar v.

• escoger v.

• optar v.

• seleccionar v.

I sɪ'lekt
transitive verb \<\<gift/book/wine\>\> elegir*, escoger*, seleccionar; \<\<candidate/team member\>\> seleccionar

II

adjective

a) ( exclusive) < school> de élite, exclusivo; < district> distinguido, exclusivo

b) ( choice) <fruit/wine> selecto, de primera (calidad)

c) ( especially chosen) < group> selecto

only the select few — sólo los escogidos

[sɪ'lekt]
1.

VT [+ team, candidate] seleccionar; [+ book, gift etc] escoger, elegir

selected works — obras fpl escogidas

2.

ADJ [school, restaurant, club] selecto, exclusivo; [tobacco, wine, audience] selecto

a select group of people — un grupo selecto de personas

a very select neighbourhood — un barrio de muy buen tono

a select few — una minoría privilegiada

3.

CPD

select committee N — comité m de investigación

* * *

I [sɪ'lekt]
transitive verb \<\<gift/book/wine\>\> elegir*, escoger*, seleccionar; \<\<candidate/team member\>\> seleccionar

II

adjective

a) ( exclusive) < school> de élite, exclusivo; < district> distinguido, exclusivo

b) ( choice) <fruit/wine> selecto, de primera (calidad)

c) ( especially chosen) < group> selecto

only the select few — sólo los escogidos

English-spanish dictionary > select

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См. также в других словарях:

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area of choice

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с английского на все языки

area of choice

Тематики

EN

См. также в других словарях:

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